Fluid Mechanics
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780073398273
Author: Frank M. White
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 1, Problem 1.1FEEP
The absolute viscosity
(a) Density, (b) Temperature, (c) Pressure, (d) Velocity, (e) Surface tension
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A thermometer having a time constant of 0.2 min is placed in a temperature bath, and after the thermometer comes to equilibrium with the bath, the temperature of the bath is increased linearly with time at a rate of l0 C/min. What is the difference between the indicated temperature and the bath temperature (a) 0.1 min, (b) 1.0 min after the change in temperature begins?
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Answer
The speed of sound traveling through the sea is a function of temperature, salinity, and pressure. It is modeled by the function C = 1449.2 + 4.67T -0.055T² +0.00029T³ + (1.34-0.01T) (S-35) + 0.016D where C is the speed of sound (in meters per second), T is the temperature (in degrees Celsius), S is the salinity (the concentration of salts in parts per thousand, which means grams of dissolved solids per 1000 grams of water), and D is the depth below the sea surface, in meters.
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Fluid Mechanics
Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.1PCh. 1 - Table A.6 lists the density of the standard...Ch. 1 - For the triangular element in Fig, P1.3,show that...Ch. 1 - Sand, and other granular materials, appear to...Ch. 1 - The mean free path of a gas, l, is defined as the...Ch. 1 - Henri Darcy, a French engineer, proposed that the...Ch. 1 - Convert the following inappropriate quantities...Ch. 1 - Suppose we know little about the strength of...Ch. 1 - A hemispherical container, 26 inches in diameter,...Ch. 1 - The Stokes-Oseen formula [33] for drag force F on...
Ch. 1 - P1.11 In English Engineering units, the specific...Ch. 1 - For low-speed (laminar) steady flow through a...Ch. 1 - The efficiency ? of a pump is defined as the...Ch. 1 - Figure P1.14 shows the flow of water over a dam....Ch. 1 - The height H that fluid rises in a liquid...Ch. 1 - Algebraic equations such as Bernoulli's relation,...Ch. 1 - The Hazen-Williams hydraulics formula for volume...Ch. 1 - For small particles at low velocities, the first...Ch. 1 - In his study of the circular hydraulic jump formed...Ch. 1 - Books on porous media and atomization claim that...Ch. 1 - Aeronautical engineers measure the pitching moment...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.22PCh. 1 - During World War II, Sir Geoffrey Taylor, a...Ch. 1 - Air, assumed to be an ideal gas with k = 1.40,...Ch. 1 - On a summer day in Narragansett, Rhode Island, the...Ch. 1 - When we in the United States say a car's tire is...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.27PCh. 1 - Wet atmospheric air at 100 percent relative...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.29PCh. 1 - P1.30 Repeat Prob. 1.29 if the tank is filled with...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.31PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.32PCh. 1 - A tank contai as 9 kg of CO2at 20°C and 2.0 MPa....Ch. 1 - Consider steam at the following state near the...Ch. 1 - In Table A.4, most common gases (air, nitrogen,...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.36PCh. 1 - A near-ideal gas has a molecular weight of 44 and...Ch. 1 - In Fig. 1.7, if the fluid is glycerin at 20°C and...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.39PCh. 1 - Glycerin at 20°C fills the space between a hollow...Ch. 1 - An aluminum cylinder weighing 30 N, 6 cm in...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.42PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.43PCh. 1 - One type of viscometer is simply a long capillary...Ch. 1 - A block of weight W slides down an inclined plane...Ch. 1 - A simple and popular model for two nonnewtonian...Ch. 1 - Data for the apparent viscosity of average human...Ch. 1 - A thin plate is separated from two fixed plates by...Ch. 1 - An amazing number of commercial and laboratory...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.50PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.51PCh. 1 - The belt in Fig. P1.52 moves at a steady velocity...Ch. 1 - A solid tune of angle 2 , base r0, and density...Ch. 1 - A disk of radius R rotates at an angular velocity ...Ch. 1 - A block of weight W is being pulled over a table...Ch. 1 - The device in Fig. P1.56 is called a cone-plate...Ch. 1 - Extend the steady flow between a fixed lower plate...Ch. 1 - The laminar pipe flow example of Prob. 1.12 can be...Ch. 1 - A solid cylinder of diameter D, length L, and...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.60PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.61PCh. 1 - P1.62 The hydrogen bubbles that produced the...Ch. 1 - Derive Eq. (1.33) by making a force balance on the...Ch. 1 - Pressure in a water container can be measured by...Ch. 1 - The system in Fig. P1.65 is used to calculate the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.66PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.67PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.68PCh. 1 - A solid cylindrical needle of diameter d, length...Ch. 1 - Derive an expression for the capillary height...Ch. 1 - A soap bubble of diameter D1coalesces with another...Ch. 1 - Early mountaineers boiled water to estimate their...Ch. 1 - A small submersible moves al velocity V, in fresh...Ch. 1 - Oil, with a vapor pressure of 20 kPa, is delivered...Ch. 1 - An airplane flies at 555 mi/h. At what altitude in...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.76PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.77PCh. 1 - P1.78 Sir Isaac Newton measured the speed of sound...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.79PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.80PCh. 1 - Use Eq. (1.39) to find and sketch the streamlines...Ch. 1 - P1.82 A velocity field is given by u = V cos, v =...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.83PCh. 1 - In the early 1900s, the British chemist Sir Cyril...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.85PCh. 1 - A right circular cylinder volume v is to be...Ch. 1 - The absolute viscosity of a fluid is primarily a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.2FEEPCh. 1 - Helium has a molecular weight of 4.003. What is...Ch. 1 - An oil has a kinematic viscosity of 1.25 E-4 m2/s...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.5FEEPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.6FEEPCh. 1 - FE1.7 Two parallel plates, one moving at 4 m/s...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.8FEEPCh. 1 - A certain water flow at 20°C has a critical...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.10FEEPCh. 1 - Sometimes we can develop equations and solve...Ch. 1 - When a person ice skates, the surface of the ice...Ch. 1 - Two thin flat plates, tilted at an angle a, are...Ch. 1 - Oil of viscosity and density drains steadily...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.5CPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.6CPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.7CPCh. 1 -
C1.8 A mechanical device that uses the rotating...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.9CPCh. 1 - A popular gravity-driven instrument is the...Ch. 1 - Mott [Ref. 49, p. 38] discusses a simple...Ch. 1 - A solid aluminum disk (SG = 2.7) is 2 in in...
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- A well is 3500 meters deep and 3100 meters vertically deep. It is filled with two drilling fluids, the first with a density of 10.5 lb/gal located up to 1000 meters and the rest of the well is filled to the bottom with fluid with a density of 12 lb/gal. During the operation, a wellhead pressure equivalent to 320 psi was recorded. With these data in hand, the pressures occurred at the bottom of the well and the equivalent density of the bottom of the well in lb/gal are, respectively: The. 6389 psi/12.12 lbs/gal 6429 psi/ 12.1 lbs/gal 5959 psl/13.2 lbs/gal 6220 psi/11.9 lbs/gal E 20:13 + 130% =arrow_forwardWhy does the viscosity of a gas generally decrease with decreasing temperature whereas for a liquid its viscosity generally increases? Calculate and plot using Matlab the variation in the coefficient of dynamic viscosity of air in USC units from 35•F to 120•F. Sutherland's Law can be expressed as T 1.5 To+S То T+Sarrow_forwardA gas having a viscosity of 2.04 x10° kg/ms, the thermal conductivity of 0.0293 W/m °C, undergoes an isobaric non-flow heating process at a pressure of „P“ (= 95 × Reg. No.) kPa and temperature changes from 22 °C to „T“ (= 25 + Reg. No.) °C. The specific heat of the fluid is dependent on temperature and is given as C, = 1.44+82/(T+48); where T is in Celcius. During this process, its volume changes from 0.28 m/kg to 0.658 m³/kg. Sketch a schematic of the system along with the chosen system boundary and indicate the directions of various energy/mass flows. b. Show the process on the Pv diagram. Determine the amount of heat transfer during the process. d. Estimate the work done during the process. а. с. е. Calculate the changes in internal energy and enthalpy of the system.arrow_forward
- For steam at a pressure of 45 atm, some values of temperature and specific volume are as follows: T,°F 700 500 0.7014 600 0.8464 v, ft³/lbm 0.9563 Find the average value of the predicted gas constant Rin m²/(s². K). m²/(s². k) 800 1.074 900 1.177arrow_forwardThe kinematic viscosity of liquid oil is 20 stoke and relative density = 0.85. Find the dynamic viscosity of this liquid oil in Sl and British systems. (1 stoke = 1 cm/s, 1m 3.28 ft, 1ft 30.48 cm and 1kg = 2.2 lb). Choose the correct answer: a- In SI system 25 kg/m.s and in British system 16.6 Ib/ft.s b- In SI System 17 kg/m.s and in British system 1.17 Ib/ft.s c- In Sl system 20 kg/m.s and in British system 8.15 Ib/ft.sarrow_forwardThe sliding plate viscometer shown below is used to measure the viscosity of a fluid. The top plate is moving to the right with a constant velocity of 10 m s in response to a force of 3 N. The bottom plate is stationary. What is the viscosity of the fluid? Assume a linear velocity distribution.arrow_forward
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