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While endocytosis and exocytosis refer to the direction in which a vesicle moves into and out of a cell respectively, it is important to think about what is being moved with and within the vesicles. To demonstrate how this process is utilized in human cells we will focus on the human body's insulin response. The purpose of the insulin response is to create a pathway for glucose entry into cells by releasing glucose transporters into the membrane. Cell Type #1- insulin producers: In humans, pancreatic B-cells create steroid insulin that can be packaged into vesicles starting at the ER. These vesicles are prepared for exocytosis so that the insulin can be released from the pancreatic B - cells and get into the bloodstream when signaled to do so. When glucose is present in the blood stream these cells will release the pre-packed insulin into the blood stream. Cell Type #2- insulin responders: Other cells do not produce insulin but instead respond when they have received the insulin signal from the blood stream. To prepare to respond to insulin, responder cells have also made pre-packaged vesicles that have been filled with transmembrane glucose transporter proteins. This way when a responder cell receives the insulin signal they will release their vesicles of glucose transporters (put the glucose doorway into the plasma membrane) to allow a doorway for glucose to come into the cell. When the cell is done responding it will grab the glucose transporters from the plasma membrane and bring them back into the cell in the vesicle. Using the information above about insulin production and how other cells respond, answer the questions on the worksheet.

While endocytosis and exocytosis refer to the direction in which a vesicle moves into and out of a cell respectively, it is important to think about what is being moved with and within the vesicles. To demonstrate how this process is utilized in human cells we will focus on the human body's insulin response. The purpose of the insulin response is to create a pathway for glucose entry into cells by releasing glucose transporters into the membrane. Cell Type #1- insulin producers: In humans, pancreatic B-cells create steroid insulin that can be packaged into vesicles starting at the ER. These vesicles are prepared for exocytosis so that the insulin can be released from the pancreatic B - cells and get into the bloodstream when signaled to do so. When glucose is present in the blood stream these cells will release the pre-packed insulin into the blood stream. Cell Type #2- insulin responders: Other cells do not produce insulin but instead respond when they have received the insulin signal from the blood stream. To prepare to respond to insulin, responder cells have also made pre-packaged vesicles that have been filled with transmembrane glucose transporter proteins. This way when a responder cell receives the insulin signal they will release their vesicles of glucose transporters (put the glucose doorway into the plasma membrane) to allow a doorway for glucose to come into the cell. When the cell is done responding it will grab the glucose transporters from the plasma membrane and bring them back into the cell in the vesicle. Using the information above about insulin production and how other cells respond, answer the questions on the worksheet.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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While endocytosis and exocytosis refer to the direction in which a vesicle moves into and out of a cell respectively, it is important to think about what is being moved with and within the vesicles. To demonstrate how this process is utilized in human cells we will focus on the human body's insulin response. The purpose of the insulin response is to create a pathway for glucose entry into cells by releasing glucose transporters into the membrane. Cell Type #1- insulin producers: In humans, pancreatic B-cells create steroid insulin that can be packaged into vesicles starting at the ER. These vesicles are prepared for exocytosis so that the insulin can be released from the pancreatic B - cells and get into the bloodstream when signaled to do so. When glucose is present in the blood stream these cells will release the pre-packed insulin into the blood stream. Cell Type #2- insulin responders: Other cells do not produce insulin but instead respond when they have received the insulin signal from the blood stream. To prepare to respond to insulin, responder cells have also made pre-packaged vesicles that have been filled with transmembrane glucose transporter proteins. This way when a responder cell receives the insulin signal they will release their vesicles of glucose transporters (put the glucose doorway into the plasma membrane) to allow a doorway for glucose to come into the cell. When the cell is done responding it will grab the glucose transporters from the plasma membrane and bring them back into the cell in the vesicle. Using the information above about insulin production and how other cells respond, answer the questions on the worksheet.
Transcribed Image Text:While endocytosis and exocytosis refer to the direction in which a vesicle moves into and out of a cell respectively, it is important to think about what is being moved with and within the vesicles. To demonstrate how this process is utilized in human cells we will focus on the human body's insulin response. The purpose of the insulin response is to create a pathway for glucose entry into cells by releasing glucose transporters into the membrane. Cell Type #1- insulin producers: In humans, pancreatic B-cells create steroid insulin that can be packaged into vesicles starting at the ER. These vesicles are prepared for exocytosis so that the insulin can be released from the pancreatic B - cells and get into the bloodstream when signaled to do so. When glucose is present in the blood stream these cells will release the pre-packed insulin into the blood stream. Cell Type #2- insulin responders: Other cells do not produce insulin but instead respond when they have received the insulin signal from the blood stream. To prepare to respond to insulin, responder cells have also made pre-packaged vesicles that have been filled with transmembrane glucose transporter proteins. This way when a responder cell receives the insulin signal they will release their vesicles of glucose transporters (put the glucose doorway into the plasma membrane) to allow a doorway for glucose to come into the cell. When the cell is done responding it will grab the glucose transporters from the plasma membrane and bring them back into the cell in the vesicle. Using the information above about insulin production and how other cells respond, answer the questions on the worksheet.
2) Draw and label A) the edge of a plasma membrane that is fusing with your cell type #1 vessicle and B) the edge of the plasma membrane that is fusing with your cell type #2 vesicle. Keep the same drawing scheme as above. (transporter = triangles, insulin ovals) B
Transcribed Image Text:2) Draw and label A) the edge of a plasma membrane that is fusing with your cell type #1 vessicle and B) the edge of the plasma membrane that is fusing with your cell type #2 vesicle. Keep the same drawing scheme as above. (transporter = triangles, insulin ovals) B
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