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Which mechanisms are used by miRNAs to regulate expression? O Targeted degradation of mRNAs O Targeted inhibition of mRNA translation O Both A and B ONeither A nor B

Which mechanisms are used by miRNAs to regulate expression? O Targeted degradation of mRNAs O Targeted inhibition of mRNA translation O Both A and B ONeither A nor B

Biochemistry
Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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**Question: Which mechanisms are used by miRNAs to regulate gene expression?** - ○ Targeted degradation of mRNAs - ○ Targeted inhibition of mRNA translation - ○ Both A and B - ○ Neither A nor B *Explanation:* This question explores the regulatory roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in gene expression. miRNAs can influence gene expression through: 1. **Targeted degradation of mRNAs** - miRNAs can bind to messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and promote their degradation, thus preventing the production of proteins. 2. **Targeted inhibition of mRNA translation** - miRNAs can also block the translation of mRNAs into proteins without degrading them. The correct choice would explain the contribution of miRNAs in fine-tuning gene expression via these mechanisms.
Transcribed Image Text:**Question: Which mechanisms are used by miRNAs to regulate gene expression?** - ○ Targeted degradation of mRNAs - ○ Targeted inhibition of mRNA translation - ○ Both A and B - ○ Neither A nor B *Explanation:* This question explores the regulatory roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in gene expression. miRNAs can influence gene expression through: 1. **Targeted degradation of mRNAs** - miRNAs can bind to messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and promote their degradation, thus preventing the production of proteins. 2. **Targeted inhibition of mRNA translation** - miRNAs can also block the translation of mRNAs into proteins without degrading them. The correct choice would explain the contribution of miRNAs in fine-tuning gene expression via these mechanisms.
Expert Solution
Step 1

Introduction:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding endogenous single-stranded RNAs that play an important role in the regulation of gene expression. 
  • It consists of approximately 22-25 nucleotides that are transcribed by RNA polymerase II into long primary transcripts. 
  • Most of the miRNAs are located inside the nucleus of the cell, and further processing and maturation take place in the cytoplasm of the cell. 
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