What ligand on transferrin is responsible for the red color of the iron loaded transferrin. please explain using pea values.
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- 15. Which disease has a higher Ro, SARS-Cov-l or SARS-CoV-2? Which is harder to manage, and why? B U TI- Ω X2 x Write your answer...Box one: • Human breast cancer cell line BT474, which overexpresses HER2, in 10 cm Petri dishes• Human HER3 ligand• Lapatinib• Lysis buffer A (containing 1% Triton and 0.1% SDS)• Lysis buffer B (containing no detergent)• Mouse anti-HER3 antibodies• Mouse anti-pY1289 of HER3, that recognises the phospho-tyrosine at position1289 of Her3• Mouse anti-actin antibodies• Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti mouse IgG antibodies• SDS-PAGE Sample buffer (contains SDS, mercaptoethanol and bromophenolblue)• Molecular weight markers• SDS-PAGE gel• Nitrocellulose membrane• Phosphate buffered saline (PBS)• Blocking buffer (5%w/v BSA in PBS)• X-ray film• Luminol/H2O2 (hydrogen peroxidea.What would happen if IKKbeta did not phosphorylate IkappaB? b.Why is it so hard to make cytokine therapies? c.Why would you use the MyD88 independent pathway versus the MyD88 dependent pathway?
- 6a. Complete this flowchart to describe an example of how different versions of a gene can result in different characteristics. In the DNA, different versions of the gene for a clotting protein have a different sequence of different sequence of . in MRNA different sequence of in the clotting protein different structure and function of the clotting protein different characteristics (e.g. normal clotting vs. hemophilia)1. A variety of organic chelating ligands have been synthesized to tightly coordinate radioactive metal cations to identify and treat malig- nancies by coupling the metal complex to a polypeptide linker attached to a monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to a cell surface re- ceptor. One such metal complex is illustrated in the diagram on the right. The radioactive Cu-64 cation is tightly coordinated by the che- lating ligand that is, in turn, conjugated to a peptide linker attached to a monoclonal antibody. (The antibody is not shown in this diagram.) When coupled to a specifically designed monoclonal antibody, the complex binds specifically to somatostatin receptors that are ex- pressed on the surface of neuroendocrine tumors. Subsequently the entire complex with the receptor is internalized, i.e., passed into the cytoplasm, where the radioactive metal cation kills the malignant cell. CH3 HN NHNH HN NHNH HN НО НО NH HN HN HO S-S NH (a) dues in the polypeptide. Place the label…1. ALT is not used as a hepatocellular damage marker in cattle. Explain why.
- 5) Briefly explain why the formation of a tumour can pose a risk to a person's homeostasis. 6) The functioning of the "Ras/MAPK" signal transduction pathway is absolutely essential in order for cells to grow, divide, and migrate. One important protein that is part of this pathway is BRAF. This protein is a kind of enzyme called a "kinase" – an enzyme that transfers a phosphate group onto another protein. In some melanomas, a mutated form of BRAF called BRAF Val600AGlu drives the progression of the cancer. The drug "vemurafenib" slows the progression of the cancer by slowing the production of the mutant BRAF protein. (National Cancer Institute. 2019. Types of Cancer Treatment. Retrieved from: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/ Is this an example of a traditional cancer therapy or a targeted therapy? Briefly explain your reasoning in the space provided, using information provided in the text to support your answer. Type of therapy (traditional or targeted)?: Brief…Mice and humans with inactivating mutations in the gene encoding activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) have an immunodeficiency disease known as 'hyper IgM type 2'. Since AID is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of cytosines in the DNA to uracils, thereby initiating the process of somatic hypermutation, why do individuals with this deficiency only produce IgM antibodies?If I purchase a mouse anti GAPDH antibody what will it bind to?
- 4 Natalizumab is a therapeutic monoclonal antibody that targets the cell- adhesion molecule a4-integrin and is used as a second-line therapy for severe Crohn's disease. What might be its mechanism of action?. Mutations in an autosomal gene in humans cause aform of hemophilia called von Willebrand disease(vWD). This gene specifies a blood plasma proteincleverly called von Willebrand factor (vWF). vWFstabilizes factor VIII, a blood plasma protein specified by the wild-type hemophilia A gene. Factor VIIIis needed to form blood clots. Thus, factor VIII is rapidly destroyed in the absence of vWF.Which of the following might successfully be employed in the treatment of bleeding episodes in hemophiliac patients? Would the treatments workimmediately or only after some delay needed forprotein synthesis? Would the treatments have only ashort-term or a prolonged effect? Assume that allmutations are null (that is, the mutations result in thecomplete absence of the protein encoded by the gene)and that the plasma is cell-free.a. transfusion of plasma from normal blood into avWD patientb. transfusion of plasma from a vWD patient into adifferent vWD patientc. transfusion of plasma from a hemophilia A…9. Fill in the table below, outlining different aspects of neuronal signalling in sino atrial node of the mammalian heart. A legend of possible entries is provided below the table, specifically for the columns "marker genes", "associated G proteins" and "ionotropic targets" Marker gene Ionotropic receptors Possible associated G proteins Gs Gq Gi/Go Possible marker genes: Solute carrier family 17 Glutamate decarboxylase Dopamine ß hydroxylase Choline acetyltransferase Possible ionotropic targets: Cayl channels Ca 2 channels GIRK channels Metabotropic receptors M2,4 B1,2 Associated G protein Ionotropic target(s) Effects on heart Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 Tyrosine hydroxylase Histidine decarboxylase M-type K+ channels HCN channels BK and SK channels
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