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Under which circumstance is the Goldman equation equivalent to the Nernst equation? O when the cell membrane is only permeable to 1 ion O when the concentrations of the ions are equal outside and inside of the cell when the cell membrane is equally permeable to all ions O when there is no charge on the membrane

Under which circumstance is the Goldman equation equivalent to the Nernst equation? O when the cell membrane is only permeable to 1 ion O when the concentrations of the ions are equal outside and inside of the cell when the cell membrane is equally permeable to all ions O when there is no charge on the membrane

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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**Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz vs. Nernst Equation: Understanding the Equivalence** **Question:** Under which circumstance is the Goldman equation equivalent to the Nernst equation? **Options:** 1. O when the cell membrane is only permeable to 1 ion 2. O when the concentrations of the ions are equal outside and inside of the cell 3. O when the cell membrane is equally permeable to all ions 4. O when there is no charge on the membrane **Explanation:** The Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz (GHK) equation is used to calculate the resting membrane potential of a cell membrane, considering the permeability of multiple ions. On the other hand, the Nernst equation is used to determine the equilibrium potential for a single ion. **Key Concept:** - The **Nernst equation** applies when the membrane is permeable to only one type of ion. - The **Goldman equation** takes into account multiple ions and their permeability. **Correct Answer:** O when the cell membrane is only permeable to 1 ion **Detailed Reasoning:** - **When the cell membrane is only permeable to 1 ion:** In this scenario, the membrane potential is determined solely by the concentration gradient of that single ion. Thus, the Goldman equation simplifies to the Nernst equation because it only needs to consider one type of ion. - **Other Options:** - If the concentrations of ions are equal inside and outside the cell, the membrane potential would be zero, which is a specific condition but not equivalent to general circumstances for the Nernst equation. - If the cell membrane is equally permeable to all ions, the influences of different ions are balanced, complicating the scenario beyond the simplifications allowed by the Nernst equation. - If there is no charge on the membrane, it implies a non-polarized state, a situation not typically relevant to how Nernst or Goldman equations apply. This understanding is crucial for comprehending how different ion permeabilities affect membrane potential, a foundational concept in cellular physiology.
Transcribed Image Text:**Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz vs. Nernst Equation: Understanding the Equivalence** **Question:** Under which circumstance is the Goldman equation equivalent to the Nernst equation? **Options:** 1. O when the cell membrane is only permeable to 1 ion 2. O when the concentrations of the ions are equal outside and inside of the cell 3. O when the cell membrane is equally permeable to all ions 4. O when there is no charge on the membrane **Explanation:** The Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz (GHK) equation is used to calculate the resting membrane potential of a cell membrane, considering the permeability of multiple ions. On the other hand, the Nernst equation is used to determine the equilibrium potential for a single ion. **Key Concept:** - The **Nernst equation** applies when the membrane is permeable to only one type of ion. - The **Goldman equation** takes into account multiple ions and their permeability. **Correct Answer:** O when the cell membrane is only permeable to 1 ion **Detailed Reasoning:** - **When the cell membrane is only permeable to 1 ion:** In this scenario, the membrane potential is determined solely by the concentration gradient of that single ion. Thus, the Goldman equation simplifies to the Nernst equation because it only needs to consider one type of ion. - **Other Options:** - If the concentrations of ions are equal inside and outside the cell, the membrane potential would be zero, which is a specific condition but not equivalent to general circumstances for the Nernst equation. - If the cell membrane is equally permeable to all ions, the influences of different ions are balanced, complicating the scenario beyond the simplifications allowed by the Nernst equation. - If there is no charge on the membrane, it implies a non-polarized state, a situation not typically relevant to how Nernst or Goldman equations apply. This understanding is crucial for comprehending how different ion permeabilities affect membrane potential, a foundational concept in cellular physiology.
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