Tube 1 2 3 4 5 Tube 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Tube 1 2 3 4 Time of Starch % Amylase Disappearance (in seconds) 0.500 0.250 0.125 0.063 0.031 pH 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 Temperature (°C) 80.0 37.0 22.0 4.0 3 7 13 24 Time of Starch Disappearance (in minutes) 10.00 7.00 1.17 0.67 0.33 1.90 8.00 10.00 Time of Starch Disappearance (in minutes) 60 7.5 4 12
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Include some background information on amylase and enzyme activity. Include the hypotheses that are being testing in each of the three enzyme experiments. Predict the results of each of the three experiments based on your hypotheses (if/then). Analyze the results of the temperature, pH, and enzyme concentration experiments. Note the optimum temperature and pH if possible. Note environmental factors that restrict enzyme activity.
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- The kinetics of this novel amylase were observed using lz in KI indicator to track the amount of starch at t-O min and t-1 min. They set up the following tubes and measured the absorbance after 1 minute of incubation. The reaction was stopped with HCl and 5 ml of Iz in KI indicator was added. One ml of each was used as sample in the spectrophotometer. Table 3. Calibration Curve Test tube Concentration of stock starch, mg/mL Volume of starch solution, ml Volume of distilled water, mL Volume of I, in Kl solution, mL Absorbance 1 10 0.0009 2 10 0.4 4.6 5 0.3306 3 10 0.8 4.2 5 0.5891 4 10 1.2 3.8 5 0.8409 15 10 1.6 3.4 1.0885 16 10 2.0 3.0 5 1.2572Optimum temp of amylase was identified by incubation of the amylase together with starch at various temps for 10 mins. and stopped with HCI. The volume of added DNS is negligle. Volume Volume Volume Concentration of Temperature (°C) of of stock of stock starch distilled Absorbance amylase starch (mg/mL) water (uL) (mL) (mL) 1 1 10 9 0.0053 10 1 1 10 9 0.1309 20 1 1 10 9 0.1185 30 1 1 10 9 0.0531 40 1 1 10 0.0206 Using this graphically determine the optimum temp of amylase?5.15. The following data were obtained when glucose (C6H₁2O6) was added to a batch culture of microorganisms. Determine the reaction order for the disappearance of glucose. TIME. min 0 10 20 30 40 50 CONCENTRATION, g/m³ Glucose Cells 100 67 50 40 33 29 1500 1516 1525 1530 1534 1535
- Table 1 - Comparison of the effect of catechol concentration on the amount of product formed. Absorbance Potato extract Absorbance 0 mins after 30mins (2nd reading) (mL) 1st reading 1 Tube # la blank 2a 3a 4a 1 1 1 dH₂O Catechol (mL) (mL) 7 5 3 1 0 2 4 6 0.00 0.060 0.033 0-05-2 Q4) Give 2 reasons for adding dH₂O to these tubes in Table 1? Time for reading: 3:21 -0.11 Absorbance: Time for reading: 3.36 Q5) Tube la serves as a control, but why is this control needed? Absorbance: 0.197 Time for reading: 3.37 Based on the data from Table 1 answer these questions: Q1) What is the name of the enzyme found in potato extract? Answer: catechol Q2) What is the substrate? Answer: THO Q3) Name of product of this enzyme catalyzed reaction? Answer: Absorbance: 0.152 Time for reading: 3:39 Absorbance: . 166 ness Catechol Benzoquinone Subtract 1st from 2nd reading -0.01 0-137 0.11.19 0.119 Q6) Notice that your 1st absorbance reading in tubes 2a-4a are quite similar but it then becomes very different…A typical multivitamin tablet can contain 2.0 mg of vitamin B2 (riboflavin), and the RDA is 0.0030 g>day. How many such tablets should a person take each day to get the proper amount of this vitamin, if he gets none from other sources?I I 1 1 Testa tabes dm 3 4 5 6 distilled Water 15 10 5 O 6 amylase enzyme absorbance 0.00 0.031 0.043 0:094 0151 0.147 5 5 10 5 O O 5 5 5 3. In this experiment, what does reaction rate represent (what is it a proxy for)? What does a high absorbance value indicate? What does a low absorbance value indicate? What does an ? absorbance value of zero indicate I 1 1 1 I I 1 I I I 1 I I
- Solution C contains starch, buffer at pH 6.8, salivary amylase and is heated to 4 degree Celsius. When Solution C is tested with lodine using 8 test tubes with 2 minutes interval, it gives a blue solution from test tube 1 to test tube 8. How will you interpret the given data? Solution C was hydrolyzed completely by the enzyme salivary amylase at pH 6.8 and temperature 4 degree Celsius Solution C was partially hydrolyzed by the enzyme salivary amylase at pH 6.8 and temperature 4 degree Celsius. Solution C was not hydrolyzed by the enzyme salivary amylase which is acitve at pH 6.8 but not at temperature above 40 degree Celsius Solution C was not hydrolyzed because the enzyme salivary amylase is not active at the given temperature 4 degree Celsius. What would happen if no polymerase was added to the PCR? New DNA would not be generated New DNA would contain many errors 50% less DNA would be produced The primers would anneal to the DNA In PCR simulation the number of repeats of each…Using G-25 Sephadex beads (Fractionation range 1000-5000) KD, a sample of Vitamin B12 (MW ~1500 KD) will be: Partially included Fully excluded Fully included33333333333333333333333 Using the table below, differentiate the effect of two varying pH levels (as indicated by by the color) to the amylase enzyme. How does pH level affects the enzymatic reaction (enzyme-substrate complex)? Tube 1 Tube 2 Tube 3 Tube 4 Ingredients StarchAmylaseBuffer pH 7 StarchAmylaseBuffer pH 2 MaltoseWaterBuffer pH 7 StarchWaterBuffer pH 7 Color (1) (2) Orange Blue
- Aerobic degradation of an organic compound by mixed cultureof organism in wastewater can be represented by following reaction. C3H6O3 + a O2 + b NH3 → c C5H7NO2 + d H2o + e CO2 A. Determine a, b, c, d and e, if YX/S = 0.4 d X/g S. B. Determine the yield coefficients YX/O2 and YX/NH3. C. Determine the degree of reductions for the substrate, bacteria and RQ for the organismsafter a 5 g onion sample is divided into two equal parts, heat treatment to one of these partsit is being implemented. Then both heat-treated and non-treated parts are 10 times their weightit is ground in an environment containing as much buffer and the determination of pyruvate in the supernatants obtainedit's being done.a) As a result of measurements taken at 520 nm; absorbance value for the heat-treated sample;it was found that the absorbance value in the sample that was not heat treated was 0.123 and the absorbance value in the sample that was not heat treated was 0.520.The equation of the calibration accuracy for pyruvate is that y = 0.1367x – 0.001 (nmol/mL)according to the onion sample; a) independent of alinase activity; b) dependent on alinase activityand c) calculate the total pyruvate amounts in terms of nmol/g of onion.b) How is there a relationship between the activity of the enzyme allinase in onions and the amount of pyruvate?Dec,please explain.If catalase is tested with the biuret reagent, what would be the ideal result? Why? If catalase is mixed with heavy metals, will it increase its activity of H2O2, yes or no? Defend your answer.