Describe how enzymes speed up chemical reactions (both energetically and physically!), and how they affect the energy and equilibrium of a reaction. Describe 6 different physical and chemical factors that can regulate enzyme activity.

Describe how enzymes speed up chemical reactions (both energetically and physically!), and how they affect the energy and equilibrium of a reaction. Describe 6 different physical and chemical factors that can regulate enzyme activity.

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter7: Energy And Metabolism

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 11TYU: PREDICT In the following reaction series, which enzyme(s) is/are most likely to have an allosteric...

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Which of the following is NOT true about enzymes? Enzyme inhibitors interact reversibly or irreversibly with an enzyme to alter its Km and /or Vmax values. Enzymes typically act under milder conditions of temperature and pH than non-enzyme chemical catalysts. Zymogens are the inactive precursors of enzyme. Nucleophilic groups can catalyze reactions through the transient formation of covalent bonds with the substrate. Transition state stabilization can significantly increase the activation energy for a reaction.
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8). Which statement best describes 1 point the enzyme represented in the graphs? O 10 20 30 40 50 60 O 2 4 6 10 12 Temperature ("C) PH (1) This enzyme works best at a temperature of 50°C and a pH of 12. (2) Temperature and pH have no effect on the action of this enzyme. (3) This enzyme works best at a temperature above 50°C and a pH above 12. (4) This enzyme works best at a temperature of 35°C and a pH of 8. Relative Rate of Enzyme Action Relative Rate of Enzyme Action
1) Which of these is NOT a correct statement about enzymes? Group of answer choices Enzyme activity may require a non-protein component (cofactor). Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions and are reusable. Enzymes increase the activation energy (Eact) of reactions. Enzyme activity is affected by the environment (e.g., temperature and pH).
Enzymes are key components in biological reactions. Which of the following statements about enzyme function in biological systems is FALSE? Enzymes are key components in biological reactions. Which of the following statements about enzyme function in biological systems is FALSE? Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction, but do not change the free energy of a reaction. Enzymes frequently work in metabolic pathways, such that the activity of one enzyme can affect the activity of a second enzyme in the pathway by altering the concentration of a substrate or product of the second enzyme. Enzymes will alter the equilibrium of a reaction such that the enzyme increases the exergonic reaction relative to the endergonic reaction. Even if the enzyme forms a bond with a substrate during a reaction, the enzyme returns to its original form at the end of the reaction.
Which statements are true? The transition state is the highest free energy that a reaction reaches during its progress from reactants to products. Enzymes alter the free energy of the transition state but not its chemical nature. High affinity binding of substrate by enzymes alters the equilibrium between reactants (substrates) and products. High affinity binding of substrate by enzymes can impede reaching the transition state. Steric and electrostatic interactions between the enzyme and substrate usually disfavor the ground state of substrate and favor the formation of the transition state. If ∆G‡(catalyzed) is less positive than ∆G‡(uncatalyzed) then the enzyme is enhancing the rate of the reaction. Low affinity binding of substrate by the enzyme must always lead to a slower rate of reaction compared to the uncatalyzed rate. There is no barrier to substrate binding to an enzyme, only to the chemical step.
Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion to all parts
Indicate whether each of the following characteristics of an enzyme is TRUE or FALSE. An enzyme. 1._____ is a biological catalyst 2.____ functions at a low pH 3.____ does not change the equilibrium position of a reaction 4._____ is obtained from the diet 5._____ greatly increases the rate of a cellular reaction 6._____ is needed for every reaction that takes place in the cell 7._____ catalyzes at a faster rate at higher temperatures 8._____ functions best at mild conditions of pH 7.4 and 37oC 9._____ lowers the activation energy of a biological reaction 10._____increases the rate of the forward reaction, but not the reverse. Match the common name of each of the following enzymes with the description of the reaction. a. dehydrogenase b. oxidase c. peptidase d. decarboxylase e. esterase f. Transaminase 1._____ hydrolyzes the ester bonds in triacylglycerols to yield fatty acids and glycerol 2._____ removes hydrogen from a substrate…
Indicate whether each of the following statements about an enzyme active site is true or false. It is the location where substrate molecules are produced. It always has a fixed, rigid geometry. It always has a geometrical shape exactly complementary to that of substrate. It always accommodates several structurally related substrates. It is the location where substrate molecules are converted to product molecules. It always has a shape that has a degree of flexibility to it. It always accommodates only one specific substrate.
Mark any/all statements that are TRUE regarding reactions and enzyme catalysis. Group of answer choices -The role of an enzyme in catalysis is to increase the difference in free-energy between the products and reactants (increase the G for the reaction). -None of these is correct. -The free-energy of a reaction (G) determines the rate of reaction. -In thermodynamics, the term "spontaneous" means that a reaction requires energy to proceed. -The transition state of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is destabilized in comparison to the transition state of the uncatalyzed reaction.
Determine the class of enzyme that is most likely to catalyze each of the following reactions, see bottom Figure 6D:
Which of the following statements is false regarding an enzyme's ability to catalyse a reaction? an enzyme provides a reaction surface and a hydrophilic environment for the reaction to take place an enzyme binds reactants such that they are positioned correctly and can attain their transition-state configurations an enzyme allows the reaction to go through a more stable transition state than would normally be the case an enzyme can weaken bonds in reactants through the binding process