Thyroid hormone receptor (TR) regulates growth, development, and differentiation of mammals. TR contains both a domain that binds to T3, the thyroid hormone, and a separate domain that binds to DNA. Which of the following BEST explains how TR signals?   A. T3 binds to TR at the cell membrane, which then releases second messengers to regulate gene expression.   B. T3 binds to DNA at the cell membrane, which then releases second messengers to regulate gene expression.   C. T3 diffuses through the cell membrane to bind to TR, which then binds to DNA to regulate gene expression.   D. T3 diffuses through the cell membrane to bind to DNA, which then binds to TR to regulate gene expression.

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Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.