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- Two components of a 12-mg sample are adequately separated by chromatography through a column 1.5 cm in diameter and 25 cm long at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. What size column and what flow rate should be used to obtain similar separation with a 250-mg sample?Use a suitable model to explain how separation and identification of a mixture of organic compounds can be achieved with a thin layer chromatographic (TLC) technique.1a) Hexane, CH3(CH2)4CH3, is found to have a long retention time when separated from a mixture. A column with a C18 (18-carbon chain) stationary phase and a methanol-water modal phase is used for the separation. Explain why hexane has a long retention time. 1b)You wish to chromatographically seperate a mixtureof the follwing compunds. Which of the two compounds will be most difficult to seperatate from one another? Why?
- A thin-layer chromatography (TLC) experiement was run using three compunds: benzophenone, benzhydrol, and biphenyl. The three solvents that were used with the three compounds were hexane, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane. Which solvent would be the best for separating these compounds and why?A student places an unknown sample on a thin-layer chromatography plate and develops it in dichloromethane as a solvent. Only one spot whose Rf is 0.98 is observed. Does this result indicate that the unknown material is a pure compound? If not a pure compound, suggest an alternate procedure to verify the purity of the sample.4. You analyze a mixture of cyclopentane, pyrrolidine, and tetrahydrofuran by gas chromatography and obtain the following GC trace. H N O cyclopentane pyrrolidine tetrahydrofuran area A = 100 A intensity area B = 70 B area C = 180 retention time (min) a) Label the peaks on the GC trace with the compounds they correspond to. Explain how you made your assignments. (Hint: look up the boiling points of the compounds.)
- A mixture of four components (W-Z) was chromatographed on a silica gel column; 11 fractions were collected. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of the 11 fractions gave the results shown in the figure below. According to these results, which fractions should be combined to give pure samples of W, X, Y, and Z? W X Y N original mixture 2 3 6 7 8 9 10 11Explain why a chromatographic separation normally has an optimum flow rate that gives the best separation.Identify the detectors in gas chromatography that can be used for the detection of each type of analyte. More than one detector may be appropriate for a given analyte, and a given detector may be appropriate for more than one type of analyte.
- A mixture of benzene, toluene, and methane was injected into a gas chromatograph. Methane gave a sharp spike in 42 s, whereas benzene required 251 s and toluene was eluted in 333 s. Find the adjusted retention time and retention factor for each solute.Which statement(s) are correct for gas chromatography? A) the components in a mixture can be identified from their retention time. B) the relative peak areas give the proportions of components in a mixture. C) Calibration curves are used to confirms the concentrations of components in a mixture.A young researcher set out to develop a method for quantifying the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content in a contaminated soil sample using open tubular gas chromatography. During the initial stages of method development, the researcher was unable to separate the early eluting compounds, anthracene and naphthalene, with baseline resolution. Select the possible modifications the researcher could make to improve the resolution. use a column with a smaller inner diameter decrease the column length increase the stationary phase thickness increase the temperature choose a different stationary phase