The mixing of liquids is critical in microfluidic analytical systems and is often taking place inY-shaped junctions as seen in Figure Q4b. The inlets are 50 μm wide and 50 µm high, andthe outlet is 50 μm wide and 50 μm high. The aim of the device is to analyse IgG with adiffusion coefficient of 4-10 cm²-s¹. Determine the shortest length of the channel to ensurecomplete mixing when the flowrate in each of the inlet channels is 1 µl/h. [4]Inlet 150 µmInlet 2Select one:O a. 8.65mmO b. 3.47 mmO c.112 pmO d. 5.34 mm50 µmOutletFigure Q4b. Schematic of a Y-shaped microfluidic device used for mixing two fluids.

Here, right answer is c) 112 µm

Answered: The mixing of liquids is critical in…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Whereas electrical currents are carried by electrons in copper wire,they are carried by ions in aqueous solutions. Explain how anactive-transport mechanism can create an electrical current acrossa membrane.
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Palytoxin is a deadly compound found in certain marine animals. When scientists first isolated palytoxin from sea corals in the 1970s, they did not know how it affected people exposed to it. In time, they began to suspect that the toxin was interfering with the sodium-potassium pump. Researchers have measured the effect of palytoxin on ion transport through the sodium-potassium pump using the patch-clamp technique. This involves using a fine-tipped microelectrode to measure the electric current across pumps in the cell membrane. In this activity, you will examine some of the researchers' results and conclusions. Procedure 1. Read the following observations that researchers made after adding palytoxin to a membrane, and then answer the questions. • Observation 1: The current across a single pump jumped from 0 picoamperes to 1 picoamperes. • Observation 2: When ATP was added to the cytoplasm-facing side of the membrane, the current across a group of pumps increased by a factor of 8…
3. (a) (b) What are the different methods of cell lysis? Discuss in detail. In Streptomyces filtration from an erythromycin broth using a test filter, we find the following data: Filtration time, sec 5 10 20 0.040 Volume of filtrate, L 0.055 0.080 The filter leaf has a total area of 0.009m² and the filtrate has a viscosity of 1.1 cP. The pressure drop is 0.51m of mercury and the feed contains 0.015 kg dry cake per liter. Determine the specific cake resistance a and the medium resistance RM. 30 0.095
You set up the following two tubes: Tube 1: 1mL of alkaline phosphatase + 4mL of 400 µM p-NPP Tube 2: 1mL of alkaline phosphatase + 4mL of 200 µM p-NPP Which tube would have a faster reaction rate? Explain your reasoning (why does concentration of p-NPP matter? Relate it back to week 4 lab concepts). Week 4 lab concepts: - concentration gradient - differentially permeable membrane - solute, solvent, diffusion, osmosis, hypotonic, isotonic, hypertonic, molarity, osmolarity
What is meant by the statement “orthogonal analysis methods should be used for characterization of impurities”? Why do bacterial and plant cells require partial destruction prior to osmotic lysis? How can the partial destruction be achieved?
The following table shows experimental results of the glucose transport rate, mM/sec, following facilitated diffusion by glucose carrier proteins. (Recall: the starting conc. L represents glucose added to one side of the membrane; distilled water, omM of glucose was added to the other side of the membrane). The rate of glucose transport was 0.0031 mm/sec with 8mM of glucose (run number 4, highlighted); the rate decreased to 0.0017 mM/sec with 10mM of glucose (run 5, highlighted). Why was the rate of glucose transport slower when the concentration gradient was increased? Experiment Results Run Number Solute 1 1 2 2 3 33 4 4 5 6 6 Na Ch Glucose Na Ch Glucose Na Ch Glucose Nat Ch Glucose Na Ch Glucose Nat Cl Glucose Start Conc. L Start Conc. R (MM) (mM) 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 Carriers 500 500 500 500 700 700 700 700 100 100 700 700 Rate (mm/sec) 0.0000 0.0008 0.0000 0.0023 0.0000 0.0010…
Discuss why the following affect the rate of diffusion:molecular size, temperature, solution density, and thedistance that must be traveled.

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