The figures below show the results of four selection experiments on cell size in the bacterium E. coli. The scientists measured cell size in a random sample of individuals (each dot) at the beginning of the experiment (gen 1) and after 100 generations under selection (gen 100). The red lines show the average values. In which experiment (which graph) did the scientists perform stabilizing selection on cell size? Cell size Cell size 6000 Gen 1 U COX DUCED Gen 1 CLXXX Gen 100- GOOD (10) Gen 100 Cell size Cell size B amman Gen 1 anamn Gen 1 oooooooooooo Gen 100 Gen 100

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Genetic Variation

Genetic variation refers to the variation in the genome sequences between individual organisms of a species. Individual differences or population differences can both be referred to as genetic variations. It is primarily caused by mutation, but other factors such as genetic drift and sexual reproduction also play a major role.

Quantitative Genetics

Quantitative genetics is the part of genetics that deals with the continuous trait, where the expression of various genes influences the phenotypes. Thus genes are expressed together to produce a trait with continuous variability. This is unlike the classical traits or qualitative traits, where each trait is controlled by the expression of a single or very few genes to produce a discontinuous variation.