The fidelity of the genetic code and the transfer of information contained in genes to proteins is crucial to the function of the cellular machinery and the life of the cell. Is the genetic code universal in all cells? What characteristics of the genetic code contribute to its degeneracy? How can changes in the genetic code alter cell function? Share relevant examples, of how the genetic code could be potentially altered and/ or the effect of changes in the code on protein expression. Include a reference.
Bacterial Genomics
The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.
Transformation Experiment in Bacteria
In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.
Plasmids and Vectors
The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.
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