Since muscle tension in the head region has been associated with tension headaches, a researcher reasoned that if the muscle tension could be changed, perhaps the headaches would also be changed. The researcher designed an experiment in which nine subjects with tension headaches participated. The subjects kept daily logs of the number of headaches they experienced during a 2-week baseline period. Then the researcher trained them to change their muscle tension in the head region, using a biofeedback device. For this experiment, the biofeedback device was connected to a muscle in the forehead region. The device indicated the subject's amount of tension in the muscle to which it was attached and helped them achieve low tension levels. After 6 weeks of training, during which the subjects became successful at maintaining low muscle tension, they again kept a 2-week log of the number of headaches experienced. The following are the number of headaches recorded during each 2-week period. Number of Headaches Subject No. Baseline After training 1 17 3 2 13 7 3 6 2 4 5 3 5 5 6 6 10 2 7 8 1 8 6 0 9 7 2 Identify IV(s) and DV(s) of the experiment. Can you conclude that training has a significant effect on the number of headaches experienced? Use a two-tailed test at a = .05. Write your results in APA format. Which test did you apply (one-sample, independent groups, or related samples t-test?

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Since muscle tension in the head region has been associated with tension headaches, a researcher reasoned that if the muscle tension could be changed, perhaps the headaches would also be changed. The researcher designed an experiment in which nine subjects with tension headaches participated. The subjects kept daily logs of the number of headaches they experienced during a 2-week baseline period. Then the researcher trained them to change their muscle tension in the head region, using a biofeedback device. For this experiment, the biofeedback device was connected to a muscle in the forehead region. The device indicated the subject's amount of tension in the muscle to which it was attached and helped them achieve low tension levels. After 6 weeks of training, during which the subjects became successful at maintaining low muscle tension, they again kept a 2-week log of the number of headaches experienced. The following are the number of headaches recorded during each 2-week period.

	Number of Headaches
Subject No.	Baseline	After training
1	17	3
2	13	7
3	6	2
4	5	3
5	5	6
6	10	2
7	8	1
8	6	0
9	7	2

Identify IV(s) and DV(s) of the experiment.
Can you conclude that training has a significant effect on the number of headaches experienced? Use a two-tailed test at a = .05. Write your results in APA format.
Which test did you apply (one-sample, independent groups, or related samples t-test?

Expert Solution

Step 1

The experiment is designed to test the effect of training on headache.

Thus, the dependent variable is the effect of training on muscle tension and the independent variable is the number of headaches experienced.

Null Hypothesis:

Training has no significant effect on number of headaches experienced.

Alternative Hypothesis:

Training has significant effect on number of headaches experienced.

The test is a two-tailed test.

Step 2

Step-by-step procedure to obtain the paired t-test using EXCEL:

Go to Data > Data analysis > t-Test: paired Two sample for means.
Select the input range of the data with labels, values before training as variable 1 and After training as variable 2.
Enter 0 in Hypothesized mean difference.
Click on Labels.
Enter Alpha value as05.
Click OK.

The EXCEL output is given below:

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