Amit Almor, a psychology researcher at the University of South Carolina, conducted a series of experiments on conversation and attention level. He found that subjects were four times more distracted while preparing to speak or speaking than when they were listening. This research has many implications, including those for the issue of using cell phones while driving. You decide to explore this issue by having three different groups try tracking a fast-moving target on a computer screen. The first group is preparing to speak, the second group is speaking, and the third group is listening to a conversation. The sample mean and sum of squares of the scores for each of the three groups are presented in the following table. Group Sample Mean Sum of Squares Preparing to speak 98.3 7,2810.0900 Speaking 101.5 6,6156.8100 Listening 103.2 70,277.7600
Inverse Normal Distribution
The method used for finding the corresponding z-critical value in a normal distribution using the known probability is said to be an inverse normal distribution. The inverse normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution with a family of two parameters.
Mean, Median, Mode
It is a descriptive summary of a data set. It can be defined by using some of the measures. The central tendencies do not provide information regarding individual data from the dataset. However, they give a summary of the data set. The central tendency or measure of central tendency is a central or typical value for a probability distribution.
Z-Scores
A z-score is a unit of measurement used in statistics to describe the position of a raw score in terms of its distance from the mean, measured with reference to standard deviation from the mean. Z-scores are useful in statistics because they allow comparison between two scores that belong to different normal distributions.
Group
|
Sample Mean
|
Sum of Squares
|
---|---|---|
Preparing to speak | 98.3 | 7,2810.0900 |
Speaking | 101.5 | 6,6156.8100 |
Listening | 103.2 | 70,277.7600 |
Source of Variation
|
SS
|
df
|
MS
|
F
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Between Treatments | 3,095.00 | 2 | 1,547.50 | 5.52 |
Within Treatments | 209,244.66 | 747 | 280.11 | |
Total | 212,339.66 | 749 |
ANOVA table is:
Source of variation |
SS |
df |
MS |
F |
Between treatments |
3095.00 |
2 |
1547.50 |
5.52 |
Within treatments |
209244.66 |
247 |
280.11 |
|
Total |
212339.66 |
249 |
|
|
These findings are significant at α = 0.05.
A simple measure of the effect size can be calculated as:
The correct option is:
- SSbetween/SStotal.
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