S3) When a patient is diagnosed with breast cancer, the oncologist will typically take a sample of the tumorand test it for the presence of estrogen receptor (ER). If the tumor is ER positive, the patient will usually beprescribed a certain class of drug, and if the tumor is negative, they will be prescribed something different. Themethods of testing for the presence of ER include protein-based methods, such as immunohistochemistry(IHC), and measures of ER mRNA using the quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactionassay (PCR). To determine the extent of agreement between these two methods, investigators conducted astudy using banked samples from 1500 breast tumors. Each sample was tested using both methods. Bothmethods provide a positive result for 34 samples, and both methods provide a negative result for 1376samples. The remaining samples were rated differently by the two methods, with IHC generating a total of 75positive findings.a) Fill in the following table using the information provided abovePCR++IHCTotalb) Calculate the overall percent agreementc) Calculate the paired percent agreementTotald) Calculate the kappa statistic and provide a brief interpretation

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Answered: S3) When a patient is diagnosed with…

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Two professors at a local college developed a new teaching curriculum designed to increase students' grades in math classes. In a typical developmental math course, 49%of the students complete the course with a letter grade of A, B, or C. In the experimental course, of the 17 students enrolled, 12 completed the course with a letter grade of A, B, or C. Is the experimental course effective at the α=0.05 level of significance? Complete parts (a) through (g).
A study of fox rabies in southern Germany gave the following information about different regions and the occurrence of rabies in each region. A random sample of n1 = 16 locations in region 1 gave the following information about the number of cases of fox rabies near that location. x1: Region I Data 3 7 8 7 5 8 8 1 3 3 3 2 5 1 4 6 A second random sample of n2 = 15 locations in region II gave the following information about the number of cases of fox rabies near that location. x2: Region II Data 4 2 4 1 3 8 5 4 4 4 2 2 5 6 9 Note: If a two-sample t-test is appropriate, for degrees of freedom d.f. not in the Student's t table, use the closest d.f. that is smaller. In some situations, this choice of d.f. may increase the P-value by a small amount and therefore produce a slightly more "conservative" answer.Use a calculator with sample mean and sample standard deviation keys to find x1 and s1 in region I, and x2 and s2 in region II. (Round your answers to two…
Two professors at a local college developed a new teaching curriculum designed to increase students' grades in math classes. In a typical developmental math course, 49%of the students complete the course with a letter grade of A, B, or C. In the experimental course, of the 17 students enrolled, 12 completed the course with a letter grade of A, B, or C. Is the experimental course effective at the α=0.05 level of significance? Complete parts (a) through (g).
Define the critical region for a hypothesis test, and explain how the critical region is related to the alpha level.
da Silva-Castiglioni et al. (2010) investigated the effect of various diets on the biochemical composition of Hyalella bonariensis. In one part of the analysis, males of the species were subjected to 5 different diets for 45 days, then researchers measured the levels of lipoperoxidation. The researchers carried out a one-way ANOVA, and found a p-value of 0.00022. After that, they decided to apply the Tukey procedure to find confidence intervals for the pairwise differences in means at a family-wise confidence level of 95%. The results of the Tukey procedure are given below. ("lower" is the lower bound of the interval, "upper" is the upper bound.) How many of these pairwise differences are statistically significant? (No calculations required!) lower upper Diet2-Diet1 -6.6421116 0.7321116 Diet3-Dietl -9.4811116 -2.1068884 Diet4-Diet1 -8.1651116 -0.7908884 Diet5-Diet1 -3.5881116 3.7861116 Diet3-Diet2 -6.5261116 0.8481116 Diet4-Diet2 -5.2101116 2.1641116 Diet5-Diet2 -0.6331116 6.7411116…
A new chemotherapy drug is released to treat leukemia and researchers suspect thst the drug may have fewer side effects than the most commonly used drug to treat leukemia. The two drugs have equivalent efficacy. In order to determine if a larger study should be conducted to look into the prevalence of side effects for the two drugs, set up a Mann-Whitney U test at the alpha equals .05 level and interpret its results. Number of reported side effects Old drug 0 1 3 3 5 New drug 0 0 1 2 4
Prior to an intensive TV advertising campaign, the producers of Nike athletic shoes find that 29 of a random sample of 200 upper-income adults are aware of their new leisure shoe line. A second random sample of 300 such adults is taken after the campaign. Now 96 of the persons sampled can identify the new line. Is the increase in the proportion of upper income adults showing brand awareness significant? Test the claim using alpha = .05.
A process engineer is trying to improve the life of a cutting tool. He has run a 2³ experiment using cutting speed (A), metal hardness (B), and cutting angle (C) as the factors. The data from two replicates are shown in Table 13E.2. (1) Calculate the main effects of A, B, C, and all interaction effects. (2) Do any of the three factors affect tool life? Make an ANOVA table and draw conclusion from the F-values with α = 0.05. (3) What combination of factor levels produces the longest tool life? ■ TABLE 13E.2 Data for the Experiment in Exercise 13.2. Replicate Run I II (1) 221 311 a 325 435 b 354 348 ab 552 472 с 440 453 སྣ་ ནྟི 406 377 bc 605 500 abc 392 419
A clinician at the NSU Hospitals and Clinics used a D-dimer assay to screen patients in his clinics for diagnosis of DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis). The clinician was able to use Compression Ultrasonography (the gold standard) to confirm the result of the D-dimer assay. The result is presented in table below. i.What is the sensitivity of the D-dimer Assay? ii. What is the specificity of the D-dimer Assay? iii. Compute PV+ and interpret your result. iv. Compute PV- and interpret your result. v. Compute the prevalence of DVT
A study is planned to investigate risk factors for sudden cardiac death. A cohort of men and women between the ages of 35 and 70 is enrolled and followed for up to 20 years. As part of the study, participants provide data on demographic and behavioral characteristics; they also undergo testing for cardiac function and provide blood samples to assess lipid profiles and other biomarkers. A new measure of inflammation is hypothesized to be related to sudden cardiac death. Describe its strengths and weaknesses.
A randomized trial assessed the efficacy of colchicine (an anti-inflammatory drug) in reducing recurrence of pericarditis (inflammation of the outer layer of the heart). The study randomized 42 patients to colchicine and 49 patients to standard therapy, and followed them all for 6 months. They reported the following results: Colchicine Standard Rx 0-15% 35-50% 60-75% Developed Recurrent Pericarditis Yes No 10 32 27 In what range is the relative risk reduction? 85-100% 22 32 59 42 49 91 The relative risk reduction can not be calculated from these data

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