Receptor, especially growth factor receptor signaling is deregulated in cancer cells, which results in uncontrolled growth. The alterations responsible for this may be due to a truncated receptor, or change from normal paracrine to autocrine signaling or ligand (growth factor) independent firing or overexpression of a receptor Explain how each of these changes results in excessive signaling by the receptor.
Receptor, especially growth factor receptor signaling is deregulated in cancer cells, which results in uncontrolled growth. The alterations responsible for this may be due to
- a truncated receptor, or
- change from normal paracrine to autocrine signaling or
- ligand (growth factor) independent firing or
- overexpression of a receptor
Explain how each of these changes results in excessive signaling by the receptor.
Growth Factor Receptors- These growth factors in cancer cells are also known as polypeptides which helps to stimulate the cell proliferation.
1. Truncated Receptor- Truncated receptor has been found in the form of epidermal growth factor receptor in humans. It also associates the poor prognosis. In the recent study, the epidermal growth factor receptor was investigated on the circulated cancer cells .
For example- Circulating Tumour cells in the form of positive report has been detected in metastatic and early breast cancer patients.
2. Paracrine acts as the hormones or secretions on the cells where the production cells are nearby placed.
On the other hand, Autocrine is the hormone's actions on the same cells which have they secreted .
Conversion - Normal paracrine generally converts to Autocine signaling because there is occurrence of growth stimulation during the transformation from normal to malignant prostatic epithelial cells.
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