Reaction 25.5 Hb (aq) + Glucose (aq) ⇄ Hb-Glucose (aq)  A patient’s blood glucose levels can fluctuate significantly (especially before and after meals). Alternatively, the diabetic A1C marker can be used which measures the percentage of hemoglobin-glucose (Hb-Glucose) in a patient's blood. Using Reaction 25.5, explain why clinicians can use the A1C marker (i.e. levels of Hb-Glucose) in a patient’s blood as a proxy for glucose levels in the blood?

Q: 1. The following reactions can be coupled in the citrate cycle. Succinyl-CoA GDP + Pi. succinate +…

A:

Q: What are coupled reactions and why does coupling occur?

A: The coupled reactions are are formed by the reaction of fragments in the presence of the metal…

Q: which substance has the greatest entrophy H2O (l) Na(s) AgCL(s) N2(g) NaOH(l)

A: Entropy : Entropy is a measure of disorder or randomness in a system. The greater the disorder in a…

Q: Explain a phase G1, S, and G2 from mitosis.

A: The G1, S and G2 phase from mitosis is explained below:

Q: Explain the energy of activation ?

A:

Q: To learn more about the role of the electron transport chain in generating energy during respiration…

A: Given that,

Q: sider the molecule. - H_O_H HOH OH OH NH2 -NH2 Identify the molecule. FMNH+ NADH FMN NAD+ FMNH2

A: We need to identify the molecule from its structure

Q: One of the reactions in the citric acid cycle is the reaction of malate with nicotinamide adenine…

A: Given : reaction of malate with NAD+

Q: 3. Hexokinase catalyzes the first reaction in glycolysis and phosphorylates D-glucose to D-gluc…

A: where vmax = k2[E0] Given, [E0] = 3.0 n mol/mL and Km = 3 x 10-4 M a. Here, given that, v = 65.0…

Q: 3. (Chapter 10) Write the common name for the following:

A: IUPAC nomenclature:  IUPAC nomenclature is method of naming of chemical compounds given  by…

Q: If Glutamate + NH4 --> glutamine      Delta G = 14.2 kj/mol and ATP + H2O --> ADP + Pi…

A: The given reaction are : Reaction 1 :   Glutamate  +  NH4  →  glutamine      ∆G=14.2 kJ/molReaction…

Q: All blood groups are composed of glucose, fucose and N-acetylglucosamine True False

A: The objective of the question is to verify the composition of all blood groups.

Q: How do we determine AG"AG'?

A: The thermodynamical variable which is used to determine the spontaneity or the feasibility of the…

Q: Consider the malate dehydrogenase reaction from the citric acid cycle. Given the listed…

A:

Q: .Calculate the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution that contains 0.1 M of acetic acid and…

A:

Q: Intracellular concentrations in resting muscle are as follows: fructose- 6-phosphate, 1.0 mM;…

A: The reaction of glycolysis runs in the muscle cells, in which fructose-6 phosphate (F6P) is…

Q: The value of ΔG° for the conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate…

A: Given that  The value of ΔG° for the conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to…

Q: In our cells, the energy released from the oxidation of the food we eat is stored in the form of a…

A: A question based on biologically important carbohydrates. 4 choices about ATP composites is given…

Q: to cysteine residues in protein active sites. What glycolytic enzyme would be affected? As a result,…

A: A)In the range of metal concentrations analysed we found that only hexokinase and…

Q: Which of the following is true regarding the Na*/K* pump? O Uses one ATP for every group of Na+ that…

A: 1. Anion Movement at Resting Membrane Potential:Anions (negatively charged ions) found in higher…

Q: The formation of glutamine from glutamate and ammonium ions requires 14.2 kJ/mol of energy input.…

A: •Here given ∆rG = -31 KJ/mol •∆rG is free energy of the reaction and this is used in formation of…

Q: Questions 7-9 refer to the same reaction depicted in the graph above. Shown is a graph of AG by…

A: Given: At ln(Q), ΔG = -32 kJ/mol   Calculation for ΔGo: ∆G=∆G°+nRTln(Q)-32 kJ/mol=∆G°+nRT(0)-32…

Q: When BHBA is consumed in the drink HVMN Ketone Ester it eventually passes into the bloodstream.…

A: a. Conjugate acid and base pair differ in a proton (H+). A conjugate base contains a lesser proton…

Q: When the following reaction reached equilibrium the concentration of glucose 1-phosphate is 34mM,…

A:

Q: A 22g field mouse consumed 5g of mouse chow that had an energy content of 2Cal/g in 24hours and…

A: Energy production is the basic mechanism in the living cell. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the…

Q: Assume that in a certain cell, the ratio of products/reactants or Keq = 747.1 (Keq is dimensionless)…

A:

Q: 9. An example of an isoenzyme used for clinical diagnosis is a. lactate dehydrogenase b. creatine…

A: Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes (LDH) were used widely in the past for diagnosis of myocardial…

Q: Assume that in a certain cell, the ratio of products/reactants or Keq = 894.2 (Keq is dimensionless)…

A: For the reaction., Glucose + ATP ----> Glucose-6-P + ADP

Q: Draw the ATP - ADP Cycle and describe how each molecule (ATP, ADP, Phosphocreatine,carbohydrates)…

A: The ATP-ADP cycle is a process by which cells regenerate ATP (adenosine triphosphate) from ADP…

Q: Measuring food consumption and excretion A 22g field mouse consumed 5g of mouse chow that had an…

A: Given : Weight of mouse = 22 g Mass of food consumed = 5 g Energy content of food = 2 Cal/g Total…

Q: acetaldehyde lactic acid - acetic acid Il only I only I and II I and III I, II, and III

A: Option A is correct choice || Only

Q: When the reaction below reaches equilibrium, does the equilibrium lie on the left or the right side?…

A: Since you have posted multiple unrelated questions, we are entitled to answer the first only.

Q: Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is the primary site for regulation of the glycolytic pathway.  The…

A: Glycolysis provides an important source of energy for most cells as well as a source of substrate…

Q: Which of the following is not a way living cells maintain Q/K <1? by consuming products as fast as…

A: . Chemical reactions occur in living cells as part of the metabolic processes necessary for the…

Q: some articifical sweeteners are isomers of natural sugars.  Being isomers, the digestive enzymes do…

A: Null Hypothesis (Ho)- The artificial sweeteners will not significantly alter cell respiration in…

Q: The "actual" free-energy change, AG, for the oxidation of NADH under aerobic conditions is -50.9…

A: Given: Actual free energy ∆G = -50.9 Kcal/mol = 213.78 KJ/mol The reaction governing the phenomenon…

Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways

Metabolic pathways allude to the arrangement of chemical catalyzed reactions that lead to the transformation of a substance into the final product. Metabolic pathways incorporate a progression of reaction where the substrate is changed continuously and the transitional metabolites are persistently recovered.

Glucogenesis

Glucogenesis is a metabolic pathway in which glucose is produced from carbon substrates that are not carbohydrates. This process is observed in plants, animals, fungi, bacteria and other micro organisms. The general  definition for glucogenesis or gluconeogenesis is as follows,