One of the reactions in the citric acid cycle is the reaction of malate with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to produce nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride (NADH) and oxaloacetate. The reaction is shown below. Is malate being oxidized or reduced?
One of the reactions in the citric acid cycle is the reaction of malate with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to produce nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride (NADH) and oxaloacetate. The reaction is shown below. Is malate being oxidized or reduced?
Chemistry
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ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
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Transcribed Image Text:**Title: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions in the Citric Acid Cycle**
**One of the reactions in the citric acid cycle is the reaction of malate with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) to produce nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride (NADH) and oxaloacetate. The reaction is shown below.**
**Is malate being oxidized or reduced?**
**Reaction:**
- **Reactants:**
- **Malate:** This molecule has a hydroxyl group (OH) attached to a carbon atom, with a structure depicted as:
```
O
||
HO—C—CH
| |
CH₂ C
| ||
O⁻ O
```
- **NAD⁺ (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide):** A coenzyme involved in oxidation-reduction reactions.
- **Products:**
- **Oxaloacetate:** Formed by oxidation of malate, which is shown as:
```
O
||
O—C—CH
| |
O=C CH₂
| |
O⁻ O
```
- **NADH:** The reduced form of NAD⁺, indicating a gain of electrons.
- **H⁺ (Proton):** Released in the reaction.
**Explanation:**
In this reaction, malate undergoes oxidation, as it loses electrons (in the form of hydrogen atoms) to NAD⁺, resulting in the formation of oxaloacetate and NADH. This oxidizes malate to oxaloacetate and reduces NAD⁺ to NADH. The process also releases a proton (H⁺), contributing to the redox balance.
**Key Concepts:**
- **Oxidation** involves the loss of electrons, as seen with malate transforming into oxaloacetate.
- **Reduction** involves the gain of electrons, as seen with NAD⁺ transforming into NADH.
- The reaction is a part of the citric acid cycle, essential for cellular respiration and energy production.
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