Question 1. You may have noticed that in each of the three treatments, a portion (20%) of the field contained plants without any toxins. Leaving parts of the planted field pesticide-free (refuges) is common practice in biological control and is mandated in the use of Bt plants. What purpose(s) would such refuges serve in slowing down the rate of evolution of resistance? (Hint: Resistance to a pesticide often incurs a cost to the resistant individual.)

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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A group of researchers at Cornell University tested these three strategies to see
which would be most effective retarding the evolution of diamondback moths to Bt-
broccoli plants. Cry1Ac and Cry1C were the two types of Bt toxins used.
In the mosaic strategy, 40% of the field had Cry1 Ac plants and 40% had Cry1C plants.
The remaining 20% of the field was plants without any toxin.
In the sequential treatment, 80% of the field consisted Cry1Ac plants for 12
generations, with 20% with plants lacking toxins. Then at generation 13, 80% of the
field was Cry1C plants, with 20% with plants without toxins.
In the pyramiding strategy, 80% of the field had plants with both the CrylC and
Cry1Ac toxins, and 20% of the field had plants without any toxins
QUESTIONS
Question 1. You may have noticed that in each of the three treatments, a portion
(20%) of the field contained plants without any toxins. Leaving parts of the planted
field pesticide-free (refuges) is common practice in biological control and is
mandated in the use of Bt plants. What purpose(s) would such refuges serve in
slowing down the rate of evolution of resistance? (Hint: Resistance to a pesticide
often incurs a cost to the resistant individual.)
Transcribed Image Text:A group of researchers at Cornell University tested these three strategies to see which would be most effective retarding the evolution of diamondback moths to Bt- broccoli plants. Cry1Ac and Cry1C were the two types of Bt toxins used. In the mosaic strategy, 40% of the field had Cry1 Ac plants and 40% had Cry1C plants. The remaining 20% of the field was plants without any toxin. In the sequential treatment, 80% of the field consisted Cry1Ac plants for 12 generations, with 20% with plants lacking toxins. Then at generation 13, 80% of the field was Cry1C plants, with 20% with plants without toxins. In the pyramiding strategy, 80% of the field had plants with both the CrylC and Cry1Ac toxins, and 20% of the field had plants without any toxins QUESTIONS Question 1. You may have noticed that in each of the three treatments, a portion (20%) of the field contained plants without any toxins. Leaving parts of the planted field pesticide-free (refuges) is common practice in biological control and is mandated in the use of Bt plants. What purpose(s) would such refuges serve in slowing down the rate of evolution of resistance? (Hint: Resistance to a pesticide often incurs a cost to the resistant individual.)
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