Question 1: Translate the mRNA codon AGC a) Transcribe the DNA sequence AGC TAC CAG into mRNA Question 2: Translate the DNA sequence AAT GAC CCG into an amino acid sequence, remembering to translate from the mRNA code. Not the DNA, not the tRNA! a) Describe one thing you learned from practicing transcription and translation.
Question 1: Translate the mRNA codon AGC a) Transcribe the DNA sequence AGC TAC CAG into mRNA Question 2: Translate the DNA sequence AAT GAC CCG into an amino acid sequence, remembering to translate from the mRNA code. Not the DNA, not the tRNA! a) Describe one thing you learned from practicing transcription and translation.
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Question 1: Translate the mRNA codon AGC
a) Transcribe the DNA sequence AGC TAC CAG into mRNA
Question 2: Translate the DNA sequence AAT GAC CCG into an amino acid sequence, remembering to translate from the mRNA code. Not the DNA, not the tRNA!
a) Describe one thing you learned from practicing transcription and translation.
Transcribed Image Text:**Genetic Code Wheel**
This diagram is a Genetic Code Wheel used to determine the sequence of amino acids that are encoded by a sequence of RNA. It provides a visual way to translate codons, which are sequences of three nucleotides in RNA, into their corresponding amino acids.
**Structure:**
- **Inner Circle:** Contains the four RNA nucleotides: Guanine (G), Uracil (U), Adenine (A), and Cytosine (C).
- **Second Circle:** Expands the combinations by moving to the second nucleotide in the codon.
- **Third Circle:** Continues expanding combinations with the third nucleotide.
- **Outer Circle:** Shows the amino acids or function associated with each codon. The amino acids are abbreviated with three-letter codes.
**Example of Use:**
To determine the amino acid for a given codon:
- Start from the center and follow outward using the sequence of RNA nucleotides.
- For the sequence "AUG":
1. Start at 'A' in the center.
2. Move to 'U' in the second ring.
3. Move to 'G' in the third ring.
4. Read the corresponding amino acid, Methionine (MET), on the outer ring.
**Stop Codons:**
The wheel also includes stop codons, which signal the end of protein synthesis. These are:
- UAA
- UAG
- UGA
The Genetic Code Wheel is an essential tool for understanding how genetic information is translated into proteins, crucial for genetic studies and molecular biology education.
Transcribed Image Text:The image shows the genetic code chart, a table that indicates which amino acids correspond to specific codons in messenger RNA (mRNA). The chart is used to translate RNA sequences into proteins during the process of translation.
### Genetic Code Chart Breakdown:
- **Rows and Columns**: The chart is organized into a grid based on the four RNA nucleotides: Uracil (U), Cytosine (C), Adenine (A), and Guanine (G).
- **Nucleotide Positioning**:
- The rows are labeled by the first base of the codon (U, C, A, G) shown vertically on the left.
- The columns at the top represent the second base of the codon (U, C, A, G).
- Each cell in the table lists the possible third bases for each amino acid or codon, providing a full triplet code.
### Detailed Explanation on Codons and Amino Acids:
- **Amino Acids**: Each box corresponds to one or more codons that translate to specific amino acids or a stop signal in protein synthesis.
- Example: UUU and UUC both code for Phenylalanine (Phe), while UGG codes for Tryptophan (Trp).
- **Start and Stop Codons**:
- **Start Codon**: AUG, highlighted in red, codes for Methionine (Met) and signals the start of protein synthesis.
- **Stop Codons**: UAA, UAG, and UGA are labeled as "Stop" and signal the termination of protein synthesis.
This chart is a crucial tool in molecular biology for understanding how genes are expressed as proteins, detailing which RNA sequences translate to which amino acids in the proteins being synthesized.
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