Question 1: Define and give an example of the following: Codon, Start Codon, Anticodon, and Stop Codon. a) How is information from the DNA code copied and moved to the cytoplasm? b) What are the base pairing rules followed when one DNA strand is read and an mRNA made? Question 2: What eukaryotic sub-cellular structure is responsible for making proteins? a) Is this sub-cellular structure present in prokaryotes? b) What is the name of the enzyme responsible for making the mRNA? c) Is DNA always inside the nucleus of eukaryotic cells?
Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
Question 1: Define and give an example of the following: Codon, Start Codon, Anticodon, and Stop Codon.
a) How is information from the DNA code copied and moved to the cytoplasm?
b) What are the base pairing rules followed when one DNA strand is read and an mRNA made?
Question 2: What eukaryotic sub-cellular structure is responsible for making proteins?
a) Is this sub-cellular structure present in prokaryotes?
b) What is the name of the enzyme responsible for making the mRNA?
c) Is DNA always inside the nucleus of eukaryotic cells?
In molecular biology, translation is the process by which the data stored in mRNA is converted into the polypeptide chains that make up proteins. The set of guidelines by which the amino acid sequence in a protein corresponds to the nucleotide sequence in mRNA is known as the "genetic code". The DNA is transcribed into mRNA, and mRNA is translated into proteins, according to the central dogma of molecular biology. The expression of genetic information and cell function depend on this process.
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