Q2: Which of the following statements is true regarding CC's ability to digest and absorbglucose.CytosolMitochondrionA. PATHWAY 1.majorpathway ofethanolNAD* NADH + H*NAD* NADH + H*Hmetabolismin the liverCH-CH,-OH- ADHIICH,-C-OH + H-O-HCH,-C=OALDHETHANOLАСЕTALDEHYDEАСЕТАТEWATERB. PATHWAY 2microsomalethanolCYP2E1oxidizingsystem(МEOS)NADPH + H*+ 02NADP* + 2H,0Excess alcohol consumption increases the NADH:NAD* ratio in the cytosol of hepatocytes.The main location of ethanol metabolism in the body is the liver and the main route ofdetoxification includes liver alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) located in the cytosol and aldehydedehydrogenases (ALDH) located in the mitochondrion. Together these sequentially convertethanol into acetate. A second (more minor) route of detoxification includes the microsomalethanol oxidizing system (MEOS).

A. Pathway 1 is correct and Alcohol Dehydrogenase converts alcohol to acetaldehyde in cytosol,…

Answered: Q2: Which of the following statements…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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8. Indicate the number of moles each of the molecules below formed from running three moles of glucose through glycolysis and Krebs cycle Moles produced from two moles of glucose running through Glycolysis Moles produced from two moles of glucose being oxidized in the PDC/Krebs Cycle Molecule Produced ATP GTP NADH + H* FADH2 CO2 D Focus United States) W DE DELL F11 F12 F8 F9 F10 F6 FZ (8)
v 11 v A A Aa v AaBbCcDdEe AaBbCcDc AaBbCcDdE AaBb( AaBbCcDdEe Styles Pane DE U v ab x, x A 2v A v 田。 No Spacing Heading 1 Normal Heading 2 Title Question 1: Compare and contrast the different metabolic pathways used by cells to generate ATP, illustrating your answer with a suitable table or diagram. Include in your answer discussion of the metabolic adaptations that occur in cells as they respond to changing internal and external environmental conditions.
2. Regarding the glycolysis metabolic pathways covered in class: A. In the EMP metabolic pathway, what chemical is catabolized to form pyruvate? (1 step away) B. There are two products of step 4 in the EMP pathway. If they were not phosphorylated, how would you describe these as monosaccharides (for example, an aldohexose and a ketopentose)? C. In the TCA Cycle, what chemical is produced by catabolism of isocitrate? (1 step away) D. Describe the major differences between primary, secondary and partial oxidation metabolism in terms of cell growth rate, (ii) oxygen consumption rate, and (iii) products formed.
of 50 1 Unsure The image below shows numbered steps involved during catabolism of fatty acids. Which statement is true? ORO 10:00:00-D Mitochondrial Matrix Select one: O a. 0 00 O Carnitine R-C=O C. d. S-COA 4. COA Carnitine mit COA R-C-O 2. 'S-COA 1. R-C O b. The formation of a fatty acyl-CoA at Step #2 commits fatty acids to their transport into mitochondria and subsequent oxidation Jay Utilisation of the same pool of coenzyme-A across Steps #3 and #4 is responsible for regulation of fatty acid oxidation Removal of carnitine at Step #4 enables beta-oxidation to be aborted and allows the fatty acid to return to the cytosol to be used for lipid synthesis Notes + Intermediates in the synthesis of fatty acids will block the enzyme activity at Step #3, reducing entry of fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix Mark ON Report question issue 14:15
Q1. Many of the components for lipid synthesis need to be "activated", which happens by a variety of mechanisms. For each of the following activation processes, state WHAT is added and WHAT ENZYME catalyzes the reaction. Acetyl-CoA activation for fatty acid synthesis: WHAT is added: ENZYME: Glycerol activation for Phosphatidic Acid (PA) synthesis: WHAT is added: ENZYME: Fatty acid activation for Diacylglycerol (DAG) synthesis: WHAT is added: ENZYME: DAG activation for Phosphatidylinositol (PI) synthesis: WHAT is added: ENZYME: Choline activation for Phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis WHAT is added: ENZYME:
2. Regarding the glycolysis metabolic pathways covered in class: A. In the EMP metabolic pathway, what chemical is produced by anabolism of pyruvate? (1 step away) B. There are two products of step 4 in the EMP pathway. If they were not phosphorylated, how would you describe these as monosaccharides (for example, an aldohexose and a ketopentose)? C. In the TCA Cycle, what chemical is produced by catabolism of isocitrate? (1 step away) D. Describe the major differences between primary, secondary and partial oxidation metabolism in terms of (i) cell growth rate, (ii) oxygen consumption rate, and (iii) products formed.
5. Explain how proteins produced in the rough endoplasmic reticulum can be secreted into the extracellular environment without ever crossing the plasma membrane. Use the terms rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, lumen, Golgi apparatus, cell membrane in your answer. 6. Describe the major inputs and outputs of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport system. oal 6a. List all the inputs and outputs of glycolysis and explain any assumptions you make. Inputs: Outputs: 6b. List all the inputs and outputs of the citric acid cycle and explain any assumptions you make. Outputs: Inputs: 6c. List all the inputs and outputs of the electron transport system and explain any assumptions you make. Inputs: Outputs: 6d. How are the high energy electrons captured from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle converted into ATP in mitochondria?
3.) As mentioned in the March1 outline a critical step in the glycolysis metabolic pathway (conversion for glucose to pyruvate that produces 2 ATP's) is the attachment of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to an isomerase enzyme via an iminium bridge (step1). There is a second step that takes the imine to the enamine that sets up the C-C formation reaction with an enol that you'll cover in two weeks. Show the mechanism for steps 1 (mild acid catalysis) and 2 (draw resonance forms for the iminium cation). In your mechanism, show the intermediate hemiaminal (carbinolamine). Step 2 may address one of the questions asked in Wednesday's class about the water taking out the N-H proton of the iminium cation versus a C-H proton? CH₂OPO3² E-NH₂ + O=C (step 1) CH₂OH Dihydroxyacetone phosphate Iminium (+) cation intermediate (step 2) Enamine (Enol) Intermediate H CH₂OPO32- E-N-C H C. OH H₂O E
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2A. Red blood cells synthesize and degrade 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) by a detour of the glycolytic pathway, as shown below: glyeeraldehyde 3-phosphate GAP dehydrogenase 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate bisphosphoglycerate mutase ADP phosphoglycerate kinase 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate ATP 3-phosphoglycerate 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate phosphatase phosphoglycerate mutase 2-phosphoglycerate (i) The bisphosphoglycerate mutase/2,3-bisphosphoglcerate phosphatase reaction is catalyzed by a single enzyme, BPGM. At alkaline pH, BPGM favors the mutase activity while at lower pH, BPGM favors the phosphatase reaction. Use this information, along with the Bohr effect, to explain in the space below how red blood cells respond to a metabolic defect where a patient experiences chronic, elevated levels of lactic acid. I (ii) Individuals with red blood cell phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency suffer from moderate hemolytic anemia (a condition where red blood cells self-destruct before their normal lifespan). They…
3. Answer the following questions about the metabolic pathway shown below: glutamate dehydrogenase e NH3 0-C-C-cH2-CH2-C- 0-C-CH-CH2-CH2-C-O + H,O + NAD + NH + NADH + H (a) Label the correct substances as the substrate, enzyme, and co-enzyme. (b) Which of the six classes does the enzyme of this reaction belong to? Why? (c) What is the name of the first molecule in this reaction? (d) Which metabolic pathway is this reaction likely to be a part of? A. glycolysis B. deamination C. beta-oxidation D. fermentation

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