Provide a short answer for each of the questions below. For individuals homozygous for the Duffy gene mutation, which increases resistance to malaria, answer the following questions: 1)What impact do you expect the GATA → GACA mutation will have on the level of Duffy protein expression in red blood cells?2)What impact do you expect the GATA → GACA mutation will have on the level of Duffy protein expression in endothelial and Purkinje (brain) cells?3)Explain how this mutation leads to the level of Duffy expression you expect in the different cell types. A mutation in the Duffy gene enhancer region wasfound in the malaria resistant populations.(a) Duffy normalDuffy proteinBloodPurkinje Endothelial cells- MalarialparasiteGATADuffyCell-specificenhancersDuffy codingsequenceDuffy GeneLoci(b) Duffy mutantBloodPurkinje Endothelial cells-Parasitescannot bindGACADuffymutation of GATA to GACA Malaria Resistance and the Duffy AntigenDistributionof malaria% of populationwith Duffynegative RBCs0-5%15-10%10-20%20-30%30-50%50-70%70-90%Howes et al., 2011, Nature CommunicationsDuffy protein, found on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs), purkinjecells and endothelial cells functions as a chemokine receptor.Duffy protein also serves as a receptor for Plasmodium vivax, a parasitethat invades RBCs and cause malaria.95% of the African population don't express Duffy specifically on theirRBCs due to a genetic mutation in the gene loci - this confers resistanceto malaria in these people.

Name: Provide a short answer for each of the questions below. For individual
Uploaded: 2024-03-20T06:42:41.000Z
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Description: Provide a short answer for each of the questions below. For individuals homozygous for the Duffy gene mutation, which increases resistance to malaria, answer the following questions: 1)What impact do you expect the GATA → GACA mutation will have on t