One indication of the relative importance of various ATP-producing pathways is the Vmax of certain enzymes of these pathways. The values of Vmax Oof several enzymes from the pectoral muscles (chest muscles used for flying) of pigeon and pheasant are listed below. Vmax (µmol substrate/min/g tissue) Pigeon Enzyme Pheasant Hexokinase 3.0 2.3 Glycogen phosphorylase Phosphofructokinase-1 Citrate synthase Triacylglycerol lipase Discuss the relative importance of glycogen metabolism and fat metabolism in generating ATP in the pectoral muscles of these birds. b. Compare oxygen consumption in the two birds. c. Judging from the data in the table, which bird is the long-distance flyer? Justify your answer. d. Why were these enzymes selected for comparison? Would the activities of triose phosphate isomerase and malate dehydrogenase be equally good bases for comparison? Explain. 18.0 120.0 24.0 100.0 143.0 15.0 0.07 0.01 а.
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain, also known as the electron transport system, is a group of proteins that transfer electrons through a membrane within mitochondria to create a gradient of protons that drives adenosine triphosphate (ATP)synthesis. The cell uses ATP as an energy source for metabolic processes and cellular functions. ETC involves series of reactions that convert redox energy from NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H)) and FADH2(flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)) oxidation into proton-motive force(PMF), which is then used to synthesize ATP through conformational changes in the ATP synthase complex, a process known as oxidative phosphorylation.
Metabolism
Picture a campfire. It keeps the body warm on a cold night and provides light. To ensure that the fire keeps burning, fuel needs to be added(pieces of wood in this case). When a small piece is added, the fire burns bright for a bit and then dies down unless more wood is added. But, if too many pieces are placed at a time, the fire escalates and burns for a longer time, without actually burning away all the pieces that have been added. Many of them, especially the larger chunks or damp pieces, remain unburnt.
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is the cellular process involved in the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules from the organic nutritional source obtained from the diet. It is a universal process observed in all types of life forms. The glucose (chemical formula C6H12O6) molecules are the preferred raw material for cell respiration as it possesses a simple structure and is highly efficient in nature.
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