Match the numbered concepts to the lettered facts. Explain why each pair is the best match. (1) Gene Duplication (2) Molecular Clock (3) Pseudogene (4) SINES and LINES a. Different kinds of globin chains arose over time including myoglobin, alpha globin, beta globin 1, delta globin, and beta globin 2. b. The two human beta globin genes, 1 and 2, differ at 20 base pair sites; only beta gene 1 produces a functional protein. c. In human hemoglobin, the delta polypeptide chain differs by 39 amino acid sites vs. the beta chain. d. The human alpha globin gene and the mouse alpha globin gene are orthologous to each other.
Match the numbered concepts to the lettered facts. Explain why each pair is the best match.
(1) Gene Duplication (2) Molecular Clock (3) Pseudogene (4) SINES and LINES
a. Different kinds of globin chains arose over time including myoglobin, alpha globin, beta globin 1, delta globin, and beta globin 2.
b. The two human beta globin genes, 1 and 2, differ at 20 base pair sites; only beta gene 1 produces a functional protein.
c. In human hemoglobin, the delta polypeptide chain differs by 39 amino acid sites vs. the beta chain.
d. The human alpha globin gene and the mouse alpha globin gene are orthologous to each other.
Gene duplication is a molecular evolutionary event in which the portion of DNA in the chromosomes gets duplicated which results in an additional copy of the gene. Hence gene duplication results in producing two identical genes.
The molecular clock is a figurative term for a technique that estimates when has the two taxa diverged in evolution. The mutation rate of molecules like DNA or protein is used to calculate the divergence of two or more life forms.
A pseudogene is a defective copy of a functional gene that cannot code for a functional protein.
SINEs (Short interspersed retrotransposable elements) and LINEs (Long interspersed retrotransposable elements) get copied through RNA intermediate and invade genomic DNA.
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