Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
![i Concept
Atomic radi
Increases down the
group
and decrians along the period [deft to right]
Antuya
-
:: Atanc radiº In > Sn
to
Reason - Both In and In belongs to 5-Period
but "I'n belongs to Group 13 and "Sr belongs
group 14
1) Concept - first ionisation is
energy
outermost or highest energy
gas phase.
Step3
c)
remone
yeutral aton is
Ist-Ionication energy
Reason: -
has
Berillium
whereas beson has 15² 25² 2pªt. Therefor,
can easily remove its outermost elections.
Lattice
Reason -
"") concept - Amont of enagy required to reparate
One mole
solid comic compound in
garcone
Tow
of
Lattice energy
-mergy.
The
Be > B
energy yeeded to
dictions from
Ca F₂ > Baf₂
baslm is much higher than
difference between calcim and
Calcum.
The
Flusene is lever and so form strong bond are
compared to bauium and fluxere (due to large size
diffeucr] sils
sini.
sixe
of
a
stalle 15² 25² configuration
Boron](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F6d5531a2-e47e-44da-98c4-b245c68a52ef%2F39ef71dd-10d7-432c-92d8-fda2f734cb9d%2Frn2vjo_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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