Column Chromatography Alumina Chromatography Mixture 9:1 Hexanes:Ether 8:2 Hexanes:Ether 1:1 Hexanes:Acetone Amount Used 3.962 g 0.143 g 9.50 mL 9.50 mL 11.00 mL Additional Observations (Color, etc.) BIU X₂X² → BIU X₁ X² → BIU X₁ X² → BIU X, X² → BIU X₂ X² →
Column Chromatography Alumina Chromatography Mixture 9:1 Hexanes:Ether 8:2 Hexanes:Ether 1:1 Hexanes:Acetone Amount Used 3.962 g 0.143 g 9.50 mL 9.50 mL 11.00 mL Additional Observations (Color, etc.) BIU X₂X² → BIU X₁ X² → BIU X₁ X² → BIU X, X² → BIU X₂ X² →
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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![**Column Chromatography**
**Materials and Reagents**
The table below outlines the substances used in the column chromatography process, including the specific amounts and any additional observations.
| Substance | Amount Used | Additional Observations (Color, etc.) |
|-----------|--------------|---------------------------------------|
| Alumina | 3.962 g | [Observation input field; currently empty] |
| Chromatography Mixture | 0.143 g | [Observation input field; currently empty] |
| 9:1 Hexanes:Ether | 9.50 mL | [Observation input field; currently empty] |
| 8:2 Hexanes:Ether | 9.50 mL | [Observation input field; currently empty] |
| 1:1 Hexanes:Acetone | 11.00 mL | [Observation input field; currently empty] |
- **Alumina (3.962 g):** Used as the stationary phase in the column.
- **Chromatography Mixture (0.143 g):** The mixture to be separated.
- **9:1 Hexanes:Ether (9.50 mL):** Elution solvent mixture.
- **8:2 Hexanes:Ether (9.50 mL):** Elution solvent mixture for further separation.
- **1:1 Hexanes:Acetone (11.00 mL):** Elution solvent mixture for further separation.
*Users performing this procedure are encouraged to note the color and other relevant details about the fractions collected, which can provide insights into the chemical composition being separated in the chromatography process.*
**Notes for Observations:**
Users should input their observations in the respective fields assigned to each substance, particularly documenting the color changes or any other notable physical properties that arise during the chromatographic separation.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fd871597e-6b9a-4e14-972d-dd207dc0997a%2F23b0ef53-5594-428b-9b87-8ee594d1e674%2Fe6rqybfo_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Column Chromatography**
**Materials and Reagents**
The table below outlines the substances used in the column chromatography process, including the specific amounts and any additional observations.
| Substance | Amount Used | Additional Observations (Color, etc.) |
|-----------|--------------|---------------------------------------|
| Alumina | 3.962 g | [Observation input field; currently empty] |
| Chromatography Mixture | 0.143 g | [Observation input field; currently empty] |
| 9:1 Hexanes:Ether | 9.50 mL | [Observation input field; currently empty] |
| 8:2 Hexanes:Ether | 9.50 mL | [Observation input field; currently empty] |
| 1:1 Hexanes:Acetone | 11.00 mL | [Observation input field; currently empty] |
- **Alumina (3.962 g):** Used as the stationary phase in the column.
- **Chromatography Mixture (0.143 g):** The mixture to be separated.
- **9:1 Hexanes:Ether (9.50 mL):** Elution solvent mixture.
- **8:2 Hexanes:Ether (9.50 mL):** Elution solvent mixture for further separation.
- **1:1 Hexanes:Acetone (11.00 mL):** Elution solvent mixture for further separation.
*Users performing this procedure are encouraged to note the color and other relevant details about the fractions collected, which can provide insights into the chemical composition being separated in the chromatography process.*
**Notes for Observations:**
Users should input their observations in the respective fields assigned to each substance, particularly documenting the color changes or any other notable physical properties that arise during the chromatographic separation.
![## Thin Layer Chromatography Analysis
Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) is an effective technique for separating and identifying compounds from a mixture. Below is the data obtained from a TLC experiment using different solvent fractions. The table lists the spot numbers, the distances they traveled, the intensity of their visibility under ultraviolet (UV) light, and space provided for calculating their Rf values.
### Mobile Phase and Solvent Systems
- **Solvent Front (Distance traveled by the solvent)**: 56.2 mm
- **Solvent Systems Used**:
- Fraction 1: 9:1 Hexanes:Ether
- Fraction 2: 8:2 Hexanes:Ether
- Fraction 3: 1:1 Hexanes:Acetone
### TLC Data Summary
| Sample | Spot Number | Distance Traveled (mm) | Intensity under UV | Rf |
|----------------|-------------|-----------------------|--------------------|------|
| Fraction 1 (9:1 Hexanes:Ether) | 1 | 44.1 | W | ____ |
| | 2 | 44.2 | S | ____ |
| Fraction 2 (8:2 Hexanes:Ether) | 3 | 21.8 | W | ____ |
| Benzil | 4 | 42.8 | S | ____ |
| Benzoin | 5 | 22.3 | S | ____ |
### Observations:
1. Various fractions of Hexanes:Ether, and Hexanes:Acetone were used to separate the compounds on the TLC plate.
2. The distances traveled by the spots varied, indicating different affinities towards the mobile phase.
3. The intensity under UV light was noted as either weak (W) or strong (S).
#### Note:
- **Rf Value Calculation**: To calculate the Retention Factor (Rf) for each spot, use the formula:
\[ R_f = \frac{\text{Distance traveled by the spot (mm)}}{\text{Distance traveled by the solvent front (mm)}} \]
- **Distance Traveled (mm)** refers to how far a particular spot moved from the baseline where the sample was initially applied.
- **Intensity under UV** denotes how visibly strong or weak the spots appeared under UV light, which aids in identifying the compounds.
This](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fd871597e-6b9a-4e14-972d-dd207dc0997a%2F23b0ef53-5594-428b-9b87-8ee594d1e674%2Fxsmgw47_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:## Thin Layer Chromatography Analysis
Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) is an effective technique for separating and identifying compounds from a mixture. Below is the data obtained from a TLC experiment using different solvent fractions. The table lists the spot numbers, the distances they traveled, the intensity of their visibility under ultraviolet (UV) light, and space provided for calculating their Rf values.
### Mobile Phase and Solvent Systems
- **Solvent Front (Distance traveled by the solvent)**: 56.2 mm
- **Solvent Systems Used**:
- Fraction 1: 9:1 Hexanes:Ether
- Fraction 2: 8:2 Hexanes:Ether
- Fraction 3: 1:1 Hexanes:Acetone
### TLC Data Summary
| Sample | Spot Number | Distance Traveled (mm) | Intensity under UV | Rf |
|----------------|-------------|-----------------------|--------------------|------|
| Fraction 1 (9:1 Hexanes:Ether) | 1 | 44.1 | W | ____ |
| | 2 | 44.2 | S | ____ |
| Fraction 2 (8:2 Hexanes:Ether) | 3 | 21.8 | W | ____ |
| Benzil | 4 | 42.8 | S | ____ |
| Benzoin | 5 | 22.3 | S | ____ |
### Observations:
1. Various fractions of Hexanes:Ether, and Hexanes:Acetone were used to separate the compounds on the TLC plate.
2. The distances traveled by the spots varied, indicating different affinities towards the mobile phase.
3. The intensity under UV light was noted as either weak (W) or strong (S).
#### Note:
- **Rf Value Calculation**: To calculate the Retention Factor (Rf) for each spot, use the formula:
\[ R_f = \frac{\text{Distance traveled by the spot (mm)}}{\text{Distance traveled by the solvent front (mm)}} \]
- **Distance Traveled (mm)** refers to how far a particular spot moved from the baseline where the sample was initially applied.
- **Intensity under UV** denotes how visibly strong or weak the spots appeared under UV light, which aids in identifying the compounds.
This
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