its capacity constraint so that the collusive equilibrium can si 1? (Hint: The idea here is that, by limiting its own output, Firm 1 have a greater market share. As a result, Firm 1's gain of from the collusive agreement would be smaller.)
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- Two firms, Incumbent & Entrant, can produce the same good. The market demand for the good is given by P = 180 – Q, where P is the market price and Q is the market quantity demanded. The firms must pay w = 45 per unit of output for labour and r = 45 per unit of output for capital (one unit of capital is used per unit of output), but Incumbent may choose capacity KI units of capital before Entrant decides whether to enter the market. Suppose firms each have fixed costs FI =600, FE=500. Incumbent chooses (as a Stackelberg leader) capacity KI equal to the monopoly profit- maximizing quantity. When you answer the following questions, show your work. a. Would Incumbent be able to prevent entry by choosing capacity KI equal to the monopoly profit-maximizing quantity? Explain. b. What is the Incumbent’s equilibrium choice of capacity KI in this Dixit game? c. Does the Incumbent’s choice of capacity KI in part (b) qualify as predatory conduct (here, limit output)? Explain.5. Suppose there is a Chinese firm that could produce a "widget" at a cost of 9qw, where qw is the number of widgets. It can then ship these widgets to a U.S. firm at a transport cost of $1 per unit and for a price of pw. The U.S. firm can then turn one widget into one car at a cost of $10. Cars are then sold on the world market, where inverse demand for cars is given by: P = 500-2Q. (a) If the Chinese firm is a perfect competitor, what is P = TU.S. = Q = qw= Pw= Chinese = (b) If the Chinese firm is a monopolist, what is P = = TU.S. Pw= qw= TChinese =E1 Find Bertrand equilibrium and its outputs for the following asymmetric duopoly:q 1(p1, p2) = 16 - p1 + 0.5 p2, C1(q1) = 4q1;q 2(p1, p2) = 16 + 0.5 p1 - p2, C2(q2) = 6q2.(Note that the average and marginal costs are: AC1=MC1 = c1 = 4, AC2=MC2 = c2 = 6)
- U.S. fast‑food chains often alter their menus or business practices to accommodate local tastes and customs when operating in other countries. One reason for this may be that U.S. companies do not want to go against cultural norms or offend their customers when operating overseas. To a certain extent, U.S. companies wish to fit in to the cultures where they are selling their products. Given this, consider why they do not simply offer the exact same menu items offered by local competitors in each market that they serve. a. Some degree of product differentiation is necessary to a.open a business in a foreign country. b.anticipate the actions of competing firms. c.gain market share. d.avoid a Prisoner’s Dilemma. b. From the perspective of the consumer, product differentiation has a.benefits but no costs b.both benefits and costs c.costs but no benefits d.no benefits and no costs .1 Consider two identical firms with a unit cost of production of $10 and a market demand of p= 60-y. (a) What is firm 1’s optimal output level as a function of firm 2’s output? (b) What is firm 2’s optimal output level as a function of firm 1’s output? (c) What is the Cournot equilibrium output level for these firms? (d) What is the Cournot equilibrium price level? Show your work step by step.= Two firms sell substitutable products; the market price is: P = 90-Q, where Q Q₁ + Q₂ is the total market quantity, which consists of Q₁ (the quantity produced by Firm 1) and Q₂ (the quantity produced by Firm 2). The firms choose their quantities simultaneously. Firm 1's costs are C₁ = 10- 6Q₁ +Q². Firm 2's costs are C₂ = Q². Which is the best response function for Firm 2? O O O O Q₂ = 15. 1 Q₂ = 30 - ²0₁₁ 3 Q₂ = 42 + ²³² Q₁₁ 2 = 1. 3 Q₂ = 45. What is the equilibrium market quantity Q? O Q = 15.25. O Q = 30. Q = 46.5. O Q = 50. What is the equilibrium market price P? O P = 90. O P = 60. O P = 43.5. O P = 10.
- Two firms, A and B, are contemplating exporting a local fruit called durian to another country that has strong demand for durian. If both firms export their durians, each firm can earn an export revenue of $25 million. If both firms do not export, each firm can earn a revenue of $12 million from their own domestic market. If one of them exports durians and the other does not export, the firm that exports durians can earn an export revenue of $50 million. But the non-exporting firm will earn a revenue of $18 million. (a)If both firms make a decision simultaneously, construct and analyse a payoff matrix and solve for the Nash equilibrium. Explain whether this is the prisoner’s dilemma game. (b) Suppose Firm A can make a decision before Firm B. Construct and analyse a decision tree model and determine the payoffs to both firms. Does timing matter in this game?Suppose that there are two firms in the market. The market demand is given by P=220 - 2Q, where Q is the total output (Q=Q1+Q2). Each firm has an identical cost function, TCi=8Qi, i=1, 2. Consider the collusion, in which they decide the output level together to maximize the joint profit. If they divide the production into half, then each firm should produce Qi= _______ units in order to maximize the joint profit.5. Given that excess demands are continuous and satisfy Walras' law, use Brouwer's Fixed Point Theorem to establish the existence of competitive equilibrium in a simple exchange economy. Suppose that an apple orchard is located next to a bee keeper. If the orchard produces x apples and the bee keeper produces y honey and the cost functions of the two are as follows: C(x) = x² + 10x +9 C(y) = y² - 8x What will be the socially optimal amount of apples that can be produced? How does this compare to privately optimal amount?