In the situations described below, what is the free energy change if 1 mole ofNa* is transported across a membrane from a region where the concentra-tion is 1 µM to a region where it is 100 mM? (Assume T = 37 °C.)(a) In the absence of a membrane potential.(b) When the transport is opposed by a membrane potential of 70 mV.(c) In cach case, will hydrolysis of 1 mole of ATP suffice to drive the trans-port of 1 mole of ion, assuming pH 7.4 and the following cytoplamicconcentrations: ATP= 4.60 mM, P = 5.10 mM, ADP = 310 µM?

The standard free energy change (∆G°) of a chemical reaction is the amount of energy released in the…

Answered: In the situations described below, what…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Calculate the maximum ratio that can be achieved by the plasma membrane Na+-glucose symporter of an epithelial cell when [Na+]in is 12 mM, [Na+]out is 145 mM, the membrane potential is −50 mV (inside negative), and the temperature is 37 °C.
shown below, which of the following would likely happen if the glucose facilitated diffusion transporter, typically located on the basal side of epithelial cells, was also located in the apical side. [Glucose] low Glu Na [Na] high Lumen of kidney or intestine Apical membrane Epithelial cell [Glucose] high Glu Na* [Na] low Glucose would be actively transported into the lumen of the organ. Glucose concentration would be higher in the lumen of the organ and lower in the cytosol of the epithelial cells. O More glucose would be transported in the extracellular fluid. O The sodium/potassium ATPase would stop working.
Determine whether you would expect the interior of an H+transport protein to be positively or negatively charged. Briefly explain your reasoning.
For each type of membrane transport, know the following:– Is a transporter protein required? If so, what type?– Is there an energy requirement, and if so, what is the energy source?– What is the relative rate of solute transport based on molecule type? On concentration gradient?– What are examples of the types of solutes transported by carriers and channels?
Explain why active transport of an ion shows saturation kinetics,whereas transport of an ion through an ion channel does not.
would substances be able to pass through the plasma membrane if the phospholipi tails of the plasma membrane were oth satueated fatty acids? why or why not, explain?
In the experimental conditions described below, how many molecules of dextrose do you have to add to the extracellular fluid in order to make it iso-osmotic relative to the intracellular fluid? Intracellular fluid: Number of water molecules = 60 Number of Dextrose molecules = 5 Number of Sucrose molecules = 3 Extracellular fluid: Number of water molecules = 160 Number of dextrose molecule = ???? Number of Sucrose molecules = 0 Enter the number of molecules of dextrose in your answer (format: for 7 enter 7 or 7.00, for 7.5 enter 7.5 or 7.50, for 7.3333 enter 7.33 etc...).
Suppose that a plant cell membrane is permeable with Na*, CI ions and H20, but not with proteins. In addition, it is assumed that 0.05 M Nacl aqueous solution is present outside the cell membrane, and 0.001 M of protein (P) is present inside. The protein is ionized to p, z = 20, and the opposite ion is CI". From this, calculate the theft potential that occurs between the cell membrane and the external solution in equilibrium. Assume that the activity coefficient of all ions is 1.0.
a skeletal muscle cell has depleted its stores of ATP how will the altered transport properties of the NKA transporter affect cytosolic calcium concentrations (increase, decrease, no change) relative to normal? Why?
Calculate ΔGinward. Is energy required for transport to happen? The internal pH of a lysosome= 4.0 and the pH of the cytosol is 7.0. For a cell at 25°C with a -40 mV lysosome membrane potential. What is the ΔGinward for the proton gradient into the lysosome?
The uptake of l-ascorbate (vitamin C) and its oxidized form, dehydro-l-ascorbic acid (DHAA), was evaluated in brush border membrane vesicles isolated from adult human small intestine. Ascorbate uptake was Na+-dependent and potential-sensitive (Km, 200 umol/L), whereas DHAA transport occurred through Na+-independent facilitated diffusion (Km, 800 µmol/L). If the Vmax of vitamin C import through channels is 401µmol/min/cm2, what import rate would you expect if the lumen contained 133 µmol/L of the version of vitamin C that moves through them?
In the situations described below, what is the free energy change if 1 mole of Na+ is transported across a membrane from a region where the concentration is 48 μM to a region where it is 110 mM? (Assume T=37∘C.) In the absence of a membrane potential.

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