In order to target a specific region of genomic DNA with CRISPR, researchers must include a guide RNA containing a 20-basepair long spacer sequence that matches the DNA sequence at the target site. (i) How many possible guide RNA spacer sequences are there? (ii) One of the possible risks of genetic engineering methods is “off-target” editing, where a modification of the genome occurs in a part of the genome other than the target site. Imagine you design a 20-basepair guide RNA spacer sequence to target a specific portion of the Zebrafish genome, which is 1.7 billion nucleotides long. Assuming all nucleotides are equally common, estimate the probability that your spacer sequence occurs in at least one other position in the Zebrafish genome.

Q: You have isolated a cDNA clone encoding a protein of interest in a higher eukaryote. This cDNA clone…

A: cDNA  It is known as complementary DNA and made up of reverse transcription of mRNA.

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A: The polymerase chain reaction (PCR), is one of the most useful molecular biology techniques used to…

Q: When joining two or more DNA fragments, a researcher can adjust the sequence at the junction in a…

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Q: What is the main reason for using a cDNA library rather than a genomic library to isolate a human…

A: Introduction :- cDNA stands for "complementary DNA". It is a type of DNA that is synthesized from…

Q: 1. Look at the cut DNA sequences shown below in i) and ii). a) What restriction enzyme(s) was/were…

A: To help you better understand the answers above, here are non-technical explanations of each…

Q: Why is Sanger sequencing sometimes referred to as "dye-terminator" sequencing?

A: Frederick Sanger and his colleagues created Sanger Sequencing, often known as 'chain termination…

Q: Restriction endonucleases (RE) are one of the most used enzymes in biotechnology for recombinant DNA…

A: Restriction enzymes are the enzymes which cut DNA sequences at a particular site. Restriction enzyme…

Q: You want to clone the Human Gene A into a plasmid for producing the Protein A in bacteria. GeneA…

A: Introduction :- A plasmid is a small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that is separate from…

Q: When a genome is edited using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, a knockout allele can be produced if DNA is…

A: CRISPR: CRISPR  is a newly emerging tool that is used by scientists to alter the genome structure by…

Q: Propose a method for isolating a DNA fragment that is adjacent in the genome to a previously…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid is a particle made out of two polynucleotide chains that loop around one…

Q: A new technique for rapidly determining the nuclesome structure for regions of chromatin is called…

A: In the field of molecular biology, understanding the mechanisms underlying gene expression…

Q: The following illustrates a jagged double-strand DNA break resulting from Cas9 cleavage that…

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Q: Now that you understand how the CRISPR-Cas9 system works, think back to the experiments discussed in…

A: CRISPR-Cas9 is a genome editing tool. It helps researchers to edit or change the gene from the…

Q: The 3′-exonuclease activity of E. coli DNA polymerase I was found to show no discrimination between…

A: Introduction: DNA is the type of nucleic acid that is the genetic material of the living body,…

Q: 1) polymerize chain reaction is an experimental method for making multiple copies of segments of DNA…

A: Questions :    1) polymerize chain reaction is an experimental method for making multiple copies of…

Q: You obtain the DNA sequence of a mutant of a 2-kb gene in which you are interested and it shows base…

A: the mutation is the change or error that is caused in the chromosome it is of a different type 1.…

Q: Shown below is an R loop prepared for electron microscopy by annealing a purified eukaryotic…

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Q: Amplified target regions of four different samples were separated using gel electrophoresis.  DNA…

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Q: You are studying the tryptophan synthetase gene that Yanofsky also examined to determine the…

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Q: Some synthetic biologists have proposed creating an entirely new, freeliving organism with a minimal…

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Q: Transposon mutagenesis

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Q: Mouse genomic DNA is treated with a restriction endonuclease and electrophoresed in an agarose gel.…

A: Southern blotting is a laboratory technique that is used to detect a specific DNA sequence in a…

Q: 3a)ClustalX software was used to perform multiple sequence alignment of the following five Nco…

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Q: You wish to align a 300 bp nucleotide sequence to a genome. Which of the following pairwise sequence…

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Q: The authors investigate if the switch from the polymerase to the exonuclease site involves releasing…

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Q: An experiment is performed with Primase, using a specific DNA template. In this experiment, you…

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Q: Genome annotation refers to ... 1.) lining up overlapping regions in short shotgun sequencing reads…

A: Introduction:- Genome consists of all the genetic and biological information of an individual…

Q: A hypothetical map of a 10,000 bp (base pair) segment of a human chromosome is shown (1 kbp= 1,000…

A: In this experiment, DNA from two different individuals, Individual 1 and Individual 2, is extracted…

Q: b) A gene was isolated from mouse and sequenced by a research group. When the sequencing result was…

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Q: A possible forward primer to be designed is a primer that binds to the region of the OXA-M290 gene…

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Q: Now you have the gene sequence. Now you would like to clone it into an expression vector to grow up…

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Q: Why did geneticists believe, even before direct experimental evidence was obtained, that the genetic…

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Q: SVCCPSLVARTNYNVCRLPGTEAALCATFTGCIIIPGATCGGDYAN Find the template? Use swiss model to build the…

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Q: CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing has provided an unparalleled means of manipulating the genome.…

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Q: The optimal design of primers is critical to the effective amplification of DNA sequences. i)…

A: INTRODUCTION Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method widely wont to rapidly make millions to…

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Q: You isolate a mouse Tau-gene-containing DNA fragment from the chicken and hybridize it to the…

A: DNA:   DNA is a polymer made up of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a…

Q: Mutagenesis is a technique in which genetic information of an organism is altered in a stable manner…

A: There are a few important points : Mutation: A sudden and heritable change in the sequence of the…

Genome annotation

The technique of linking biological information to genome sequences is termed genome annotation. Gene annotation is the method of identifying gene locations and coding sections. It helps us understand what these genes are doing in the body through establishing structural characteristics and linking them to the actions of various proteins.