In a transformation experiment involving a recipientbacterial strain of genotype a- b-, the following resultswere obtained. What can you conclude about the locationof the a and b genes relative to each other?                                Transformants (%)Transforming DNA    a+ b-    a-b+       a+b+a+b-                            3.1       1.2         0.04a+b- and a-b+            2.4       1.4         0.03

Q: Why is the observed mutation rate of E. coli 10–8 to 10–10 per base pair replicated, even though the…

A: The fidelity of DNA replication before the onset of cell division is an major factor in the…

Q: What is true regarding the following cross between bacterial strains: F’ x F-?   As the donor, F'…

A: Conjugation is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in which bacteria transfer genetic material…

Q: By conducting conjugation experiments between Hfr and recipientstrains, Wollman and Jacob mapped the…

A: The interrupted mating technique is a technique used to map the genes in the chromosome of the…

Q: DNA from a strain with genotype a+b+c+d+ is used to transform a strain with a genotype a-b-c-d-.…

A: In case of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria sexual reproduction is achieved by horizontal gene…

Q: BACTERIA STRAIN A IS AUXOTROPHIC FOR METHIONINE AND STRAIN B IS AUXOTROPHIC FOR LEUCINE. A. WILL…

A: Auxotrophic strains lack the property of synthesising the growth factors required for their proper…

Q: In the Western blot shown here, proteins were isolated from redblood cells and muscle cells from two…

A: Thalassemia is a blood disorder passed down through families (inherited) in which the body makes an…

Q: What is the name of the process in which a single strand of DNA disrupts a homologous dsDNA molecule…

A: primers the short, single-stranded nucleotide sequence that is used in the DNA synthesis process.…

Q: The following recombinants are recovered when conjugation occurs between an a+d+g+ donor and an a…

A: Given, conjugation occurs between an (a+d+g+) donor and an (a-d-g-) recipient.  Hence, parental…

Q: DNA from a strain of Bacillus subtilis with genotype a + b + c + d + e + is used to transform a…

A: Introduction :- The basic physical and functional unit of heredity is the gene. DNA is the material…

Q: When you go to the lab and you carry out the reaction several times, you realize that you made the…

A: The polymerase chain reaction is a technique in molecular biology that is used to amplify the target…

Q: You would like to amplify the gene shown here using PCR.  Assume the primer to the 5' end of the…

A: PCR stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction. This is used to amplify the gene of interest.

Q: Looking at the sequence of gene X, you hypothesize that there is an intrinsic terminator in the 3'…

A: Blot A shows a band for both the wild-type and IT gene, indicating that the ΔIT gene is still…

Q: )  Which of the following best explains Griffith’s transformation experiments?     Two strains of…

A: Answer 1- Two strains of S. pneumoniae were used for the experiment. Griffith injected a mouse with…

Q: An Hfr strain of E. coli that is pro thr * leu * lac " was "mated" with an F- strain that is pro thr…

A: Introduction Genetic recombination is a process of exchange of genetic material between two…

Q: what would be the expected distribution of DNA by the fourth (F4) generation?

A: Ans. The mechanism of DNA replication in all known cells is represented by semi-conservative…

Q: What would be the expected distribution of centrifuged DNA (in the Meselson /Stahl experiment),…

A: Meselson and Stahl experiment The experiment carried out by Meselson and Stahl tells us about nature…

Q: DNA obtained from the indicated donor type recombinants are scored. The number of wild-types for…

A: Recipient lacking in b and c genes (a+ b-c-) has the largest number of transformed colonies(462

Q: An Hfr strain that is hisE + and pheA + was conjugated to a strain that is hisE − and pheA −. The…

A: Conjugation experiments are done to map different genes in bacteria. The mapped distances determined…

Q: An Hfr strain that is lacZ and galE" was mated to a strain that is lacZ and galE. The mating was…

A: Introduction: The transfer of the genetic material from one bacterium to another via the conjugation…

Q: Wild-type E. coli takes up and concentrates a certain redfood dye, making the colonies blood red.…

A: As it is given that Wild-type E. coli concentrate the certain red dye by taking up it and thus make…

Q: Price et al. [(1999). J. Bacteriol. 181:2358–2362] conducteda genetic study of the toxin transport…

A: There are basically two main types of gene transfer - Vertical gene transfer and Horizontal gene…

Q: Price et al. [(1999). J. Bacteriol. 181:2358–2362] conducteda genetic study of the toxin transport…

A: Genes are the functional units of DNA and express a functional protein. They are made up of…

Q: By conducting conjugation experiments between Hfr and recipientstrains, Wollman and Jacob mapped the…

A: Genetic material is transferred  between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a…

Q: If conjugation has occurred between the provided E. coli strains I and II, what might we expect to…

A: Introduction  Recombinant refers to something that has been produced by the combination of genetic…

Q: In the following drawing, the top strand is the template DNA, andthe bottom strand shows the lagging…

A: The fragments of DNA synthesized by DNA polymerases during lagging strand synthesis are described as…

Q: An Hfr strain that is leuA+ and thiL+ was mixed with a strain thatis leuA− and thiL−. In the data…

A: Transfer of genes in prokaryotes occurs through horizontal transfer mechanisms such as transduction,…

Q: A bacterial transformation is performed with a donor strain that is resistant to four drugs, A, B,…

A: The genetic alterations of a cell that results from the direct uptake and integration of exogenous…

Q: An Hfr strain that is hisE+ and pheA+ was mixed with a strain thatis hisE− and pheA−. The…

A: Transfer of genes in prokaryotes occurs through horizontal transfer mechanisms such as transduction,…

Q: A The above experiment, on DNA replication in the intact chromosomes of E. coli (with no virus…

A: 1. If the intact chromosomes of E.Coli are labeled with heavy nitrogen (15N), then is fed light…

Q: Different Hfr strains have the F factor DNA integrated into their chromosome at different locations…

A: The integration of the F factor DNA into the chromosome of Hfr (high-frequency recombination)…

Q: replicated in a semi-conservative manner, draw the expected results of this experiment if E. coli…

A: Meselson -Stahl proved that DNA replicates semi conservatively in 1958 by the common bacterium…

Q: quence is an intrinsic terminator). wild-type ΔΙΤ A Blot B Blot D Blot E Blot A Blot C wild-type ΔΙΤ…

A: The above image is of Northern blotting which shows separation of RNA on the gel. The gel used in…

Q: DNA containing the genes gin+ phe+ lys+ was used to transform bacterial cells of genotype gln- phe-…

A: As per the question :-  Genotypes and number of individuals obtained are as:-  A ) gly + phe+ lys +…

Q: An Hfr strain that is hisE+ and pheA+ was mixed with a strain thatis hisE− and pheA−. The…

A: Transfer of genes in prokaryotes occurs through horizontal transfer mechanisms such as transduction,…

Q: Following formation of a double-stranded break, enzymes process the dsDNA end to form…

A: DNA end resection is a key process in the cellular response to DNA double-strand break damage that…

Q: Four E. coli strains of genotype a+ b- are labeled 1, 2, 3, and 4. Four strains of genotype a- b+…

A: A gene is the essential physical and functional unit of heredity. They are comprised of DNA…

Q: When demonstrating horizontal gene transfer, why is it important to use strains that each require at…

A: Introduction  Gene transfer is referred to the process in which the DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid)…

Q: I currently have 6 stock plasmids that all have 2ug of material at 50ng/ul with a volume of 200ul…

A: A plasmid is a small, circular piece of DNA found in bacteria and some eukaryotic cells. Unlike the…

Q: strain of E. coli. Timed matings showed that they transferred the following loci during the first…

A: Bacteria are prokaryotic, unicellular organism. Bacteria belong to the kingdom Monera. Bacteria…

Q: You are analyzing the intracellular DNA intermediates formed during the replication of the…

A: The provided experimental results involve the analysis of DNA intermediates in wild-type and mutant…

Q: A 2.0kb bacterial plasmid ‘BS1030’ is digested with the restriction endonuclease Sau3A; the plasmid…

A: Plasmids are small, circular, double stranded, and extrachromosomal bacterial DNA. i.e. it is…

Q: Price et al. [(1999). J. Bacteriol. 181:2358–2362] conducteda genetic study of the toxin transport…

A: The mutation is an alteration in the sequence of DNA. Codon is a 3 DNA nucleotide sequence that is…

Q: If the intact chromosomes of E. coli are labeled with heavy nitrogen (15N), then E. coli is fed…

A: This experiment was performed to check whether the DNA model is conservative or semiconservative. A…

Q: 22.124 Give two reasons why bacterial cells are used for recombinant DNA procedures. 22.125 What…

A: In recombinant DNA technology, the molecules of the DNA will join together through insertion from…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.