In a theoretical study, it was found that insomnia is associated with depression. It was also pointed out that stress could cause a person to have insomnia which is also related to having depression. The relationship between stress and insomnia is said to be: Bidirectional Indirectly causal Directly causal Noncausal Answer
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- If a researcher is interested in cause-and-effect relationships, which nonexperimental design should she use? A. The second simple case of nonexperimental research B. Neither the first nor second case of nonexperimental research can provide evidence of causality C. Either the first or second case of nonexperimental research would be sufficient for this study D. The first simple case of nonexperimental researchConsider that the results of a research study conclude that the “effect of social media use on anxiety depends on gender.” Which statement below is correct based on this conclusion? a. The research study uncovered a main effect of social media use, but no main effect of gender or interaction between gender and social media use. b. The research study uncovered a main effect of gender and interaction of gender and social media use, but not main effect of social media use. c. The research study uncovered an interaction between social media use and gender, but no main effects. d. The research study uncovered no main effects of gender or social media use, as well as no interaction between gender and social media use.A company conducted a survey of its employees to collect information about the travel time of the employees from their homes towards its offices. In response to the question on commute, 60% said they travelled one hour per day, 25% reported they travelled two hours per day, and 15% reported they travelled three hours per day. The next year, upon observing changes in the condition of the roads and the number of commuters travelling on a regular basis, the company again conducted a survey to check for the travel time of the employees. The following data were gathered: Based on the data, is there evidence of a shift in the distribution of responses to the travel time question a year after initial question was made? Run the test at a 5% level of significance.
- Olivia sees that in her data there is a relationship between regular exercise and a range of health outcomes, with those doing exercise having better outcomes. Olivia can claim which of the following statements A. there is evidence of a correlation between regular exercise and health outcomes in her group of UTS academics B. there is evidence of a causal relationship between regular exercise and health outcomes in the population of UTS academics C. there is evidence of a causal relationship between regular exercise and health outcomes in her group of UTS academics D. there is evidence of a correlation between regular exercise health outcomes in the population of UTS academics O She can claim only statement A O She can claim only statement C She can claim all statements O She can claim statements A and C O She can claim statements A and D She can claim statements B and CWhich of the following is true regarding the difference between an observational study and an experiment? An experiment must have a control group while the observational study does not. An observational study is used for human subjects while an experiment is used for non-human subjects. In an experiment, the investigator randomly places subjects into treatment and control groups while in an observational study, no treatments are administered. The observational study can produce causal results while an experiment can only identify an association. None of these is true.Based on a graph below which of the following statement describes the best types of associations between Factors A, C, and D and the Disease: (choose one best answer) Factor Factor C Disease Factor A O Factor A is sufficient but not necessary, while Factors C and D and neither sufficient not necessary. O Factors A, C and D are neither sufficient nor necessary. O Factor A is necessary but not sufficient, while Factors C and D are necessary but not sufficient. O Factor A is sufficient but not necessary, while Factors C and D are neither sufficient not necessary.
- I need guidance on the last question listed at the end of this .... An experiment was conducted to determine if motivational techniques in management significantly affected employee stress levels compared to no intervention. An employee survey was given to three groups: one group under a manager who started using a transformational motivation technique, one group under a manager who began using a transactional motivation technique, and then a control group with no new technique used. Stress levels were self-reported by the employees on 10-point Likert scales (0 – no stress, 1- little stress, 9 – very high stress). The results are shown below. Use alpha = 0.05. Transformational Transactional Control 0 2 6 7 5 5 3 3 8 5 0 9 2 1 5 Null hypothesis: There is no significant difference in stress levels between the three groups. Alternative hypothesis: There is significance difference in stress levels between the three groups. The…Help!!The researcher receives funding to also study disease Y and finds the following: disease Y death rate per 100,000 for ME is 72 and for NE is 45. Which of the following is the true statement? The researcher receives funding to also study disease Y and finds the following: disease Y death rate per 100,000 for ME is 72 and for NE is 45. Which of the following is the true statement? Meat - eating seems to be more causally related to Disease Y than Disease The etiologic fraction ( attributable fraction) of Disease Y is 1.6 The population etiologic fraction (population attributable fraction) of Disease Y is 67%. None of the above
- How can answer these questions? And writeWhich of these is a manifestation of null hypothesis? a. As temperature increases so too will the level of aggression b. Older adults will have worse memories than younger adults c. There will be no relationship between caffeine consumption and performance d. There will be a significant difference between group 1 and group 2A hypothetical study looks at the effect of drinking alcohol on health. Across all genders and age groups, people who do not drink tend to be healthier on average than people who do drink. However, people who drink regularly are on average healthier than those people who have recently stopped drinking. Is it reasonable to conclude that for the sake of health, we should not start drinking, but if we have already started drinking alcohol, it is healthier to continue and not to stop?