If a chemical substance is produced at a rate of au(ẞ-u) per unit volume due to a chemical reaction, derive the equation that the concentration of the chemical pollutant u(x, t) satisfies.
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- Amoxicillin is an antibiotic packaged as a powder. When it is used to treat babies and small animals, the pharmacist or veterinarian must suspend it in water, so that it can be administered orally with a medicine dropper. The label says to dispose of unused suspension after 14 days. It also points out that refrigeration is required. In the context of this chapter, what is implied in the latter two statements?Some pollutants are difficult to break down and therefore accumulate in the environment. These are termed chronic pollutants. non-persistent pollutants. persistent pollutants. chemical indicators.The solid rocket propellant for the Space Shuttle (and Tomahawk Missiles) contain ammonium perchlorate, NH,CIO4(s) , and aluminum powder, Als) bound together with polymer (rubber) compound. The reaction that provides the thrust for these engines is given below: 6 NH4CIO4(s) + 10 Al(s) → 4 Al203(s) + 2 AlCl3(s) + 12 H2O(g) + 3 N2(9) ; AHº, rxn ΔΗΡ -289 kJ/mol 0.0 kJ/mol -1675.5 kJ/mol -705.6 kJ/mol -241.8 kJ/mol 0.0 kJ/mol Use the enthalpies of formation (AHº;) to calculate the change in enthalpy, AH® x, for this reaction (~ 6 mols of NH4CIO4(s). AH°, [ Select ] kJ/ 6 mol NH4CIO4(5) rxn
- Average ozone concentrations in Jakarta, Indonesia have been reported to be 0.015 mg m^-3 and in Tokyo, Japan are 20 ppbv. What is the approximate ratio of these two values when expressed in the same units?From the mass of Mg provided, calculate the volume of hydrogen gas that should have been produced. Use 100.0 kPA as the barometric pressure. (You will need to use DA, gas stoich, Dalton’s Law and PV = nRT ). * Use average values for calculationsA commercial 737 jet transporting 143 passengers and 5 crew members from Kansas city (MCI) to Baltimore (BWI) burned 11800 lb. of Jet A fuel. Jet A fuel is kerosene based, consisting primarily of CnH2n+2 hydrocarbons, with n = 6 to 16, so the Carbon:Hydrogen ratio is close to 1:2. During this flight , how much CO2 (in kg) was released into the atmosphere? (assume the combustion of fuel was complete, so all fuel was converted into H2O and CO2).
- Activity 1-1 part 3Average ozone concentrations in Jakarta, Indonesia have been reported to be 0.015mg m3 and in Tokyo, Japan are 20ppbv. What is the approximate ratio of these two values when expressed in the same units?(a) What is the difference between chlorofluorocarbonsand hydrofluorocarbons? (b) Why are hydrofluorocarbonspotentially less harmful to the ozone layer than CFCs?
- Ozone is a trace atmospheric gas which plays an important role in screening the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation, and the abundance of ozone is commonly reported in Dobson units. Imagine a column passing up through the atmosphere. The total amount of O3 in the column divided by its cross-sectional area is reported in Dobson units with 1 Du = 0.4462 mmol m−2. What amount of O3 (in moles) is found in a column of atmosphere with a cross-sectional area of 1.00 dm2 if the abundance is 250 Dobson units (a typical midlatitude value)? In the seasonal Antarctic ozone hole, the column abundance drops below 100 Dobson units; how many moles of O3 are found in such a column of air above a 1.00 dm2 area? Most atmospheric ozone is found between 10 and 50 km above the surface of the Earth. If that ozone is spread uniformly through this portion of the atmosphere, what is the average molar concentration corresponding to (a) 250 Dobson units, (b) 100 Dobson units?4) Hydrogen peroxide decomposes spontaneously slowly to form water and oxygen gas according to the following chemical equation: 2 H,0, () — 2 Н,0 ()+ Oz (g) 2 H2O (I)+ O2 (g) This decomposition can be sped up with the addition of a catalyst. If 198 mL of H2O2 decomposes and the amount of oxygen gas collected over water is 72.5 L at 756 mmHg and 23°C, calculate the gas constant, R. (assume: PH,0, = 1.0 mL -9-)5. An experiment is performed to measure the mass percent of CaCO3(s) in eggshells. Five different samples of CaCO3(s) of known mass react with an excess of 2.0M HCl(aq) in identical sealed, rigid reaction vessels. The pressure of the gas produced is measured with a pressure gauge attached to the reaction vessel. Since the reaction is exothermic, the reaction system is cooled to its original temperature before Cooling the HCl(aq) to a lower temperature than it was in the original experiment the pressure is recorded. The experimental data are used to create the calibration line below. Using eggshells that are more finely powdered than those used in the original experiment 0.10- 0.09 0.08- Using 2.0M CH3COOH(aq) instead of 2.0M HCl(aq) 0.07 * 0.06- Reducing the volume of the reaction vessel 0.05 0.04 CLEAR ALL 0.03- 0.02- 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 Mass of CaCO3(s) (grams) The experiment is repeated with an eggshell sample, and the experimental data are recorded in the table below. Mass of…