Flavr savr Tomato Golden rice, Roundup ready soyabean In order to generate GM foods mentioned above, various gene transfer methods are required to be conducted on these plants. Discuss on both vector-mediated and direct DNA transfer to deliver foreign genes into plants.
Bacterial Genomics
The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.
Transformation Experiment in Bacteria
In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.
Plasmids and Vectors
The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.
Genetically modified food are produced by the manipulation of genome of the plants or organism through genetic engineering, results in producing herbicides, pest resistance and improved quality of products. Plant transformation require efficient methods to deliver specific genes into the recipient cell. Mainly, there are two methods of gene transfer in plants: Indirect methods and Direct methods.
In indirect method of gene transfer, vector is essential to transfer the foreign DNA into the host cell. This type of gene transfer method is Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer method.
In direct method of gene transfer, it doesn't require any vector and DNA enter directly into the host cell. This type of method include electroporation, microinjection, particle bombardment, chemical mediated gene transfer method and liposome encapsidation.
Genetically modified food as mentioned in question are flavr savr tomato, golden rice, roundup ready soyabean produce via genetic engineering and utilizes direct and indirect method of gene transfer. Generally , Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer method is common.
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