FIGURE 16-3 Two examples show the consequences of point mutations at splice sites. (a) A C to T transition mutation leads to a GT dinucleotide in Point mutations can alter MRNA splicing (a) the exon, forming a new 5' splice site. As a result, 64 nucleotides at the end of an exon are spliced out. (b) A G to T transversion mutation would eliminate the GT GC AG AG Intron GT / *64 nt New 5' splice site formed Exon 5' splice site so the intron would be retained in the MRNA. (b) GT AG GT AG 5' splice site eliminated, intron retained
Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
In Figure 16-3a, what is the consequence of the new 5′
splice site on the open reading frame? In 16-3b, how big
could the intron be to maintain the reading frame (let’s
say between 75 and 100 bp)?
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