EVOLUTION CONNECTION ATP synthases are found in theprokaryotic plasma membrane and in mitochondria andchloroplasts. (a) Propose a hypothesis to account for anevolutionary relationship of these eukaryotic organelles andprokaryotes. (b) Explain how the amino acid sequences ofthe ATP synthases from the different sources could be usedto support or refute your hypothesis.

Q: True or False) All cells have a plasma membrane comprised of phospholipids, cholesterol, and…

A: The plasma membrane of a cell is the outermost semipermeable layer which consists of lipids, mostly…

Q: Sone experiments implicate normal mitochondrial ATP synthase activity in longevity in C. elegans.…

A: The impact of typical mitochondrial ATP synthase action on life span in C. elegans, a model organism…

Q: the reduced electron carrier that enters Complex II of the electron transport chain, downstream of…

A: Energy is needed by the cell to do work. The energy is produced by oxidizing the glucose molecules…

Q: hich metabolic pathway is most suitable for an efficiently functioning organism in its particular…

A: Metabolic pathway : It is a linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell . The…

Q: Oxidation of one molecule of NADH by the ETC result in transport of 10 protons across the membrane.…

A: According to the binding change mechanism of ATP synthesis, protons in the intermembrane space (IMS)…

Q: Step 2 Part A: Where did the extra oxygen come from for the 12 oxygen required to make 4 molecules…

A: Glycolysis is the ten-step conversion of 1 molecule of glucose to 2 molecules of pyruvate. ATP and…

Q: The lens of the eye si the light refracting medium of the eye, and ti has no mitochondria. Glucose…

A: "Since you have posted a question with multiple sub parts, we will            provide the…

Q: y does growth of ETPUM in Medium # require oxygen? ' ink about this in terms of how ETPUM can…

A: Glycolysis is the process of converting one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, two…

Q: In animals, what is the ultimate source of the electrons that pass through the electron transport…

A: Aerobic respiration is the conversion of chemical form of energy stored in the glucose into usable…

Q: Cells maintain different steady state ratios of NAD+/NADH (1000) and NADP+/NADPH (0.01). (a) How do…

A: NAD+ is the oxidized version. NAD+ accepts two electrons and a proton to get reduced to NADH.NAD+ +…

Q: (a) how this differs from its orientation in mitochondria. Given the orientation of the components…

A: The electron transport chain in the mitochondria shuttles electrons between the electron transport…

Q: 6. The lens of the eye is the light refracting medium of the eye, and it has no mitochondria.…

A: Disclaimer:- Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve the first three…

Q: Suppose a human cell is about to undergo cell division and needs to replicate its nucleic acid.…

A: The metabolic pathway that is parallel to glycolysis is found to be the pentose phosphate pathway.…

Q: Bodles (D) Cellulose The maior biomolecular responsible for uptake of material across the plasma…

A: “Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: where is most of the ATP in eukaryotic cellular aerobic respiration is produced ?  (a)…

A: The transportation mechanism of electrons includes a number of membrane protein complexes and…

Q: he write a conclusion and if the hypothesis was (rejected, modified, or supported) Questions: 1.…

A: Enzyme assays are laboratory tests undertaken to figure out the kinetics of an enzyme catalyzed…

Q: Addition of electron(s) to a substance is the process of (1). Removal of electron(s) from a…

A: Addition of electron(s) to a substance is the process of Reduction Removal of electron(s) from a…

Q: C I B TT -0 E Process C is called [Select] occurs in the [Select] molecules A, B and [Select]…

A: ETS or electron transport system is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It helps in release…

Q: Understand chemiosmosis Question In eukaryotes. NADH is a significant electron donor. Identify the…

A: Oxidative phosphorylation is a process in which NADH or FADH  transfers electrons to the ultimate…

Q: 1. Oxidative phosphorylation and synthesis of ATP in mitochondria: • ways of ATP formation in cells…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions with multiple sub-parts, we will solve the first three…

Q: CONNECT Explain why the proton gradient formed du chemiosmosis represents a state of low entropy.…

A: Oxidation of glucose into pyruvate followed by oxidation of pyruvate into acetyl CoA and then…

Q: 21. The heart of Peter Mitchell’s theory of chemiosmosis implies that the connection between…

A: Oxygen is required for cellular respiration and the metabolism of dietary energy (oxidative…

Q: 2. Functional mitochondria can be isolated from cells. These isolated mitochondria are used to study…

A: The last stage of aerobic respiration occurs in the cristae of inner memnrane. With the help of…

Q: Suppose you synthesize an ATP synthase that was devoid of the y (gamma) subunit. How would the…

A: Oxidative phosphorylation -  it is a process of ATP synthesis coupled with the movement of electrons…

Q: Experiments performed in the 1950s to study fatty acid synthesis utilized cells containing…

A: Fatty acid synthesis  It is the process of formation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and NADPH. The…

Q: 5.6. When animal cells produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) with glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid…

A: Carbohydrates are the major source of energy for the body. End product of carbohydrate metabolism…

Q: Genomic and cDNA libraries are DNA libraries.  True  False

A: A Gene library is a collection of different DNA sequences from an organism and it is also known as a…

Q: To examine: Whether the statement, “The number of c subunits in the rotor ring of ATP synthase…

A: ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, is an organic molecule that provides energy during various metabolic…

Q: Give typed full explanation  Which of the following results in the production of ATP from ADP? a.…

A: ATP is adenosine triphosphate which is the source of energy for the use and storage at the cellular…

Q: In which of the following ways is the two electron transport chains similar?

A: Answer :- Option (E) is correct. -In both, electrons flow from a more negative to a more positive…

Q: In cytosol Enzyme 1 Enzyme 2 In mitochondria CH₂(CH₂) COOH A B C TI F F DE D E +ATP + PP₁

A: Beta-oxidation is the catabolic pathway by which fatty acids are catabolised into acetyl coA…

Q: Discuss how the structure of the SERCA Ca ion pump allows for the passage of Ca across the membrane.…

A: The SERCA Ca ion pump, also known as the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, is a transmembrane…

Q: In terms of energy transduction (a) in vwhat way are mitochondrial complexes I, II, and IV similar?…

A: Constant energy transduction mechanisms are required for life to exist. The obtained energy, whether…

Q: Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis are irreversible processes and that both occur largely in the cytosol…

A: Reciprocal Regulation of Gluconeogenesis and Glycolysis   The processes of gluconeogenesis and…

Q: about ATP synthase [Cellular Respiration] Which of the following interactions provides the…

A: ATP synthase It is an enzyme that is present on the inner side of the membrane and it catalyzes the…

Q: MAKE CONNECTIONS Step 3 in Figure 9.9 is a major pointof regulation of glycolysis. The enzyme…

A: Glycolysis is a sequential catabolic pathway that involves the conversion of a glucose molecule into…

Q: in the electron transport chain in eukaryotes, protons are pumped from the ....... into the…

A: Electron transport chain is a series of transport of electrons from one membrane to another through…

Q: 1 what is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain  2 in oxidative…

A: Introduction DNA is a self replicating molecule. mRNA is produced from DNA by a process called…

Q: In oxidative phosphorylation, a chemical agent that prevents the enzymatic activity of F1 would…

A: The correct answer is:c. 1 = Inhibit electron transfer; 2 = Inhibit ATP synthesis

Q: with oxygen 2 ATP B convert energy 38 ATP Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration without oxygen

A: Aerobic respiration Process of the breakdown of macromolecules into small molecules for obtaining…

Q: Your science teacher says that matter is conserved in the process of cellular respiration.  What…

A: Cellular respiration is a process in which glucose and oxygen molecules react to produce water,…

Q: 1- in comparing aerobic and anaerobic respiration , something that is always different between the…

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Q: 4. In cellular respiration we have learned 3 different instances when the ATP cycle (ATP/ADP + Pi)…

A: a*phosphorylation (ATP hydrolysis) When ATP is hydrolyzed, its gamma phosphate transferred to the…

Prokaryotic evolution

The term evolution means the gradual change or a transformation from a simple or primitive state to a complex or advanced state. Prokaryotic evolution is a concept that involves the evolution of the form and function of most primitive organisms (prokaryotes) through several stages and changes to form diverse life as a part of organic evolution.