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Describe how ATP is formed (include the terms: electron transport cn synthase)? 18 How many ATPS are formed in electron transport chain and chemiosmosis? a Theoretically, one NADH is used to produce molecules of ATP. b Theoretically, one FADH, is used to produce molecules of ATP. 19 Consider fermentation. a How many ATPS are formed? By what process? b What is the purpose of changing pyruvate into lactate or alcohol? c When do our muscles produce lactate? d Alcohol has one less carbon than pyruvate. What happens to the other carbon? e How have we (humans) made use of alcohol fermentation?

Describe how ATP is formed (include the terms: electron transport cn synthase)? 18 How many ATPS are formed in electron transport chain and chemiosmosis? a Theoretically, one NADH is used to produce molecules of ATP. b Theoretically, one FADH, is used to produce molecules of ATP. 19 Consider fermentation. a How many ATPS are formed? By what process? b What is the purpose of changing pyruvate into lactate or alcohol? c When do our muscles produce lactate? d Alcohol has one less carbon than pyruvate. What happens to the other carbon? e How have we (humans) made use of alcohol fermentation?

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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### Biochemistry Review: ATP Formation and Fermentation #### ATP Formation **Question 17:** Describe how ATP is formed (include the terms: electron transport chain, chemiosmosis, and ATP synthase).   #### ATP Yield in Electron Transport **Question 18:** How many ATPs are formed in the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis? - **a**: Theoretically, one NADH is used to produce __________ molecules of ATP. - **b**: Theoretically, one FADH₂ is used to produce __________ molecules of ATP.   #### Fermentation Overview **Question 19:** Consider fermentation. - **a**: How many ATPs are formed? __________ By what process? __________ - **b**: What is the purpose of changing pyruvate into lactate or alcohol? __________ - **c**: When do our muscles produce lactate? __________ - **d**: Alcohol has one less carbon than pyruvate. What happens to the other carbon? __________ - **e**: How have we (humans) made use of alcohol fermentation? __________   #### Diagramming Metabolic Pathways **Question 20:** Draw a diagram illustrating how different food sources can be used for energy (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, etc.). Use this entire page. Include all of the following terms: acetyl CoA, amino acids, ATP, beta oxidation, carbohydrates, citric acid cycle, citrate, CO₂, deamination, electron transport chain, fats, fatty acids, glucose, glycerol, H₂O, NADH, NH₃, O₂, oxaloacetate, proteins, pyruvate, urea. Note that some of these terms are not in your textbook, but will be presented in lecture. For assistance, see: [chemistry.elmhurst.edu/vchembook/640reviewmetab.html](http://chemistry.elmhurst.edu/vchembook/640reviewmetab.html) --- The instruction given in question 20 involves creating a detailed diagram that connects various metabolic pathways and the conversion of different food sources into energy through processes in cells. Each term listed, such as "acetyl CoA" and "citric acid cycle," should be depicted to show its role in metabolism.
Transcribed Image Text:### Biochemistry Review: ATP Formation and Fermentation #### ATP Formation **Question 17:** Describe how ATP is formed (include the terms: electron transport chain, chemiosmosis, and ATP synthase).   #### ATP Yield in Electron Transport **Question 18:** How many ATPs are formed in the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis? - **a**: Theoretically, one NADH is used to produce __________ molecules of ATP. - **b**: Theoretically, one FADH₂ is used to produce __________ molecules of ATP.   #### Fermentation Overview **Question 19:** Consider fermentation. - **a**: How many ATPs are formed? __________ By what process? __________ - **b**: What is the purpose of changing pyruvate into lactate or alcohol? __________ - **c**: When do our muscles produce lactate? __________ - **d**: Alcohol has one less carbon than pyruvate. What happens to the other carbon? __________ - **e**: How have we (humans) made use of alcohol fermentation? __________   #### Diagramming Metabolic Pathways **Question 20:** Draw a diagram illustrating how different food sources can be used for energy (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, etc.). Use this entire page. Include all of the following terms: acetyl CoA, amino acids, ATP, beta oxidation, carbohydrates, citric acid cycle, citrate, CO₂, deamination, electron transport chain, fats, fatty acids, glucose, glycerol, H₂O, NADH, NH₃, O₂, oxaloacetate, proteins, pyruvate, urea. Note that some of these terms are not in your textbook, but will be presented in lecture. For assistance, see: [chemistry.elmhurst.edu/vchembook/640reviewmetab.html](http://chemistry.elmhurst.edu/vchembook/640reviewmetab.html) --- The instruction given in question 20 involves creating a detailed diagram that connects various metabolic pathways and the conversion of different food sources into energy through processes in cells. Each term listed, such as "acetyl CoA" and "citric acid cycle," should be depicted to show its role in metabolism.
**Transcription for Educational Website:** --- **Questions:** 21. In cellular respiration, the oxidation of one molecule of glucose produces _______ ATP. 22. The oxidation of one 20 carbon fatty acid produces _______ ATP. 23. Label the following diagram. Include the following terms: ADP, ATP, ATP synthase, e⁻ (electrons), FAD, FADH₂, H⁺, H₂O, NAD⁺, NADH, O₂. Some terms may be used more than once. --- **Diagram Explanation:** The diagram illustrates a section of a mitochondrial membrane, showing components involved in the electron transport chain. The structures are set within a bilayer membrane, indicative of the inner mitochondrial membrane. - The diagram contains several complexes and carriers that are involved in the transfer of electrons and protons. - The intermembrane space is labeled to indicate the location relative to other cellular structures. - Arrows suggest the movement of electrons (e⁻) and hydrogen ions (H⁺) across and through specific complexes. - ATP synthase is labeled in the diagram as a structure where ATP production takes place. Components to label might include: - **ADP and ATP**: Associated with ATP synthase - **e⁻ (electrons)**: Movement across complexes - **H⁺ (protons)**: Transfer across the membrane - **NAD⁺ and NADH**: Electron carriers - **FAD and FADH₂**: Electron carriers - **H₂O**: Final electron recipient with O₂ - **O₂**: At the terminal for forming water Understanding how these components collaborate is key in cellular respiration and energy production in cells.
Transcribed Image Text:**Transcription for Educational Website:** --- **Questions:** 21. In cellular respiration, the oxidation of one molecule of glucose produces _______ ATP. 22. The oxidation of one 20 carbon fatty acid produces _______ ATP. 23. Label the following diagram. Include the following terms: ADP, ATP, ATP synthase, e⁻ (electrons), FAD, FADH₂, H⁺, H₂O, NAD⁺, NADH, O₂. Some terms may be used more than once. --- **Diagram Explanation:** The diagram illustrates a section of a mitochondrial membrane, showing components involved in the electron transport chain. The structures are set within a bilayer membrane, indicative of the inner mitochondrial membrane. - The diagram contains several complexes and carriers that are involved in the transfer of electrons and protons. - The intermembrane space is labeled to indicate the location relative to other cellular structures. - Arrows suggest the movement of electrons (e⁻) and hydrogen ions (H⁺) across and through specific complexes. - ATP synthase is labeled in the diagram as a structure where ATP production takes place. Components to label might include: - **ADP and ATP**: Associated with ATP synthase - **e⁻ (electrons)**: Movement across complexes - **H⁺ (protons)**: Transfer across the membrane - **NAD⁺ and NADH**: Electron carriers - **FAD and FADH₂**: Electron carriers - **H₂O**: Final electron recipient with O₂ - **O₂**: At the terminal for forming water Understanding how these components collaborate is key in cellular respiration and energy production in cells.
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Mitochondria is a powerhouse of the cell and is the main energy producer of the cell. The inner membrane of the mitochondria contains membrane proteins that play important role in electron transport and ATP synthesis.

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