ATP levels are high in the liver, NADPH levels are low, but fat biosynthesis needs to happen. What is the function of the pentose phosphate pathway? a. Mode 1 - NADPH and ribose 5-phosphate are being generated b. Mode 2 - ribose 5-phosphate is needed, so only the non-oxidative portion is being used for carbon skeleton rearrangments c. Mode 3 - NADPH is needed, so oxidative portion is operating to make NADPH and non-oxidative portion is operating to regenerate glucose 6-phosphate d. Mode 4 - NADPH and ATP are needed, so oxidative portion makes NADPH, non-oxidative portion does carbon skeleton rearrangements to fuel glycolysis and make ATP

Q: Give some options choose the structure of coenzyme that is not derived from a vitamin and provide…

A: Coenzymes are the type of cofactors required for the functioning of the enzymes. These are complex…

Q: What is the final enzyme used in the biosynthesis of stearate (C18:0)? A. Elongase B.Beta-Ketoacyl-…

A: The principal product of primary fatty acid synthesis pathway is the 16 carbon saturated fatty acid…

Q: ATP levels are high in the liver, NADPH levels are low, but fat biosynthesis needs to happen. What…

A: The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) branches from glucose 6-phosphate (G6P), produces NADPH and…

Q: Explain the function of brown fat. What does its mechanism imply about the effect of ATP…

A: Brown Fat  Adipose tissues are found under the skin that consists of two types of fats: white fat…

Q: Calculate the ATP yield from oxidation of palmitic acid, taking into account the energy needed to…

A: Palmitic acid- It is also called as hexadecanoic acid and is the most commonly saturated fatty acid…

Q: Which of the following enzymes are required for the shown reaction? a. a-ketoglutarate…

A: The last common mechanism for the oxidation of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates is the citric…

Q: In the last step of glycolysis, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is converted to pyruvate and during this…

A: Glycolysis - Glycolysis is the process by which one molecule of glucose is converted into two…

Q: Which of the following statements about the TCA cycle is INCORRECT? O a. The TCA cycle can recover…

A: An inventive set of eight reactions makes up the TCA cycle. It is a crucial route that uses a…

Q: Anaerobic Glycolysis (of 1 mole glucose) that ends with lactate fermentation provides the cell with:…

A: Glycolysis is the metabolic process of the formation of pyruvate from the breakdown of glucose by…

Q: Steps in oxidative phosphorylation involves all of the following except 11. a. The phosphorylation…

A: Oxidative phosphorylation is made up of two closely connected components: the electron transport…

Q: Which of the below statements are FALSE? I: Cholesterol synthesis is regulated by covalent…

A: Cholesterol is a steroid that is a precursor of various steroid hormones. It can form Vitamin D in…

Q: released

A:

Q: Once AMP and GMP are synthesized, they are then converted to ADP and GDP, then to ATP and GDP. What…

A: Adenosine & Guanosine are purine nitrogen bases. To these phosphate groups are attached. AMP…

Q: Which step in glycolysis is an example of substrate-level phosphorylation? OA. Step 1: glucose + ATP…

A: Glycolysis is the first step of respiratory process which includes breakdown of glucose to produce…

Q: A major pathway for metabolism of ethanol is shown below. Humans consuming a large fraction of their…

A: Glycolysis is enzymatic conversion of glucose to pyruvate with concomitant reduction of NAD to NADH…

Q: What might you expect if a mutation caused the ATP-allosteric site on phosphofructokinase to be…

A: ATP can bind to the allosteric site of the  phosphofructokinase to negatively regulate the…

Q: A. Explain why it is important that an energy producing pathway contains at least one regulatory…

A: An regulatory chemical is a catalyst compound in a biochemical pathway that, through its responses…

Q: Calculate the energy produced (in ATP molecules) achieved by complete oxidation of the hydrolysis…

A: Glycolysis is an oxidative process that is common in both aerobic and anaerobic cellular…

Q: What fundamental difference sets apart anaerobic respiration from aerobic respiration? a. Anaerobic…

A: Aerobic respiration is respiration where oxygen is present and in case of anaerobic respiration…

Q: Regulation of fatty acid metabolism is shown by the following strategies. Which statement is NOT…

A: Fatty acids are important component of the body, they serve as energy reserves of the body and help…

Q: A. what cyclic pathway does this common metabolite enter? B. what are the reduced forms of NAD+ and…

A: Introduction:- Cellular respiration is a metabolic process in which oxidation of organic compounds…

Q: If the enzyme that catalyzed the reaction that converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and carbon dioxide is…

A: The cellular respiration involves in the breakdown of glucose and production of energy in the form…

Q: 2a) Which of the following statements about pyruvate oxidation IS TRUE?  a. NADH is oxidized in the…

A: The answer to the above questions are given below -

Q: what way are the transition step (oxidation of pyruvate) and step 4 of the citric acid cycle…

A: A is incorrect Reason : Both are irreversible reactions and cannot be reversibly activated.

Q: In fatty acid oxidation, each cycle shortens the fatty acid being catabolised by 2 carbons,…

A: Beta oxidation is the process by which fatty acids are partially oxidized and broken down into a 2…

Q: Explain how the pentose phosphate pathway can respond to a cell’s need for ATP, NADPH, and ribose-5-…

A: Metabolic pathways include all the chemical pathways that occur in the living cells.

Q: A key enzyme of the Citric Acid Cycle is isocitrate dehydrogenase.  It catalyzes the conversion of…

A: Isocitrate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate and it is one…

Q: Which intermediates of glycolysis are used to generate ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation? a.…

A: Substrate level phosphorylation is the process where an enzyme transfers the phosphate group from a…

Q: Reaction 10 of glycolysis involves the generation of pyruvate from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). ATP is…

A: Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway in our body which generates pyruvic acid from glucose . The…

Q: The oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway produces which of the following (note - select…

A: The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a different technique of metabolising glucose. It is divided…

Q: According to Paul Boyer, the mechanism of ATP synthesis involves the rotation of the y subunit which…

A: A key molecule that upon hydrolysis gives the energy to work with an assortment of cell measures…

Q: When completely metabolized, a hexose molecule yields the energy of 36 ATP molecules. Which step of…

A: Cellular respiration is a process in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy that…

Q: The coenzymes required for the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex are a. biotin,…

A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase was a multifunctional enzyme that was located in mitochondria and catalysis…

Q: Glucose-6-phosphate is a glycolytic intermediate that is directly used or directly made by the…

A: Pentose phosphate pathway: - Both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. - Prokaryotes - cytosol -…

Q: In the 1step of the 2-step reaction shown below, which substrate/co-substrate is being oxidized?…

A: The above reaction is a part of beta oxidation of fatty acid  process.

Q: ATP production is limited from glycolysis in strenuously exercising muscle or when yeast are…

A: ATP production is limited from glycolysis in strenuously exercising

Q: Why cannot gluconeogenesis and glycolysis be active at the same time? a. False! Gluconeogenesis…

A: Glycolysis is the process of cellular respiration by which energy is produced in the form of ATP…

Q: Why is the urea cycle important?

A: A biochemical reaction that is responsible for the conversion of excess ammonia (NH3) in the body to…

Q: Which of the below statements are FALSE? I: Cholesterol synthesis is regulated by covalent…

A: Cholesterol synthesis:  The synthesis of cholesterol takes place in all tissues. The major sites of…

Q: Assuming that all the carbon skeleton of alanine is completely oxidized and released as CO2. How…

A: Alanine is an amino acid that takes part in protein synthesis. Alanine is a hydrophobic amino acid…

Q: An essential characteristic of the malate-aspartate electron shuttle is that?  A. it is a…

A: The electrons are exchanged between organelles using shuttle systems. Glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle,…

Q: The cell senses ATP is not being produced. What immediate effect will this have on the rate of…

A: INTRODUCTION ATP Adenosine triphosphate : source of energy.

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.