1. When light shines on chlorophyll, the light energy is transformed into...

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Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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Photosynthesis and Respiration
121
Typical Plant Cell
Chloroplasts
Central Vacuole
All of the unicellular algae and multicellular plants are eukaryotic and
have specialized organelles called chloroplasts. The chloroplasts contain
chlorophyll and enzymes for the photosynthesis process. The exceptions
to this rule are the photosynthetic bacteria (cyanobacteria). They are
prokaryotic; that is, they don't have cell organelles like chloroplasts.
However, cyanobacteria do photosynthesis, and they have chlorophyll.
The chloroplast has many specialized structures. Stacks of discs,
called grana, contain the chlorophyll and act like photoelectric cells.
When light shines on these grana, the electrons of the chlorophyll are
"activated." This is the first stage of photosynthesis.
The second stage of photosynthesis involves the building of sugar
molecules from carbon dioxide and water. These two ingredients will not
combine unless chemical energy is provided. That energy comes from the
"activated" electrons in the chlorophyll reaction. Sugar molecules are
made in the fluids of the chloroplasts that surround the grana. Simple
sugars made during photosynthesis are modified into all of the other
organic molecules needed by the plant.
Nucleus
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
Grang
Cyanobacteria
Starch (for later energy supply)
+ Cellulose (for cell walls)
Simple
Sugars
Amino Acids > Proteins
(for enzymes
DNA is not in a
specialized distributed throughout
nucleus.
Chlorophyll is
and structural
the cell and is not in a
Nucleotides (for DNA and RNA) materials)
specialized
chloroplast.
Oils (for cell membranes and energy storage)
? QUESTION
1. When light shines on chlorophyll, the light energy is transformed
into...
2. Some biologists refer to the two parts of photosynthesis as the light
reactions and the synthesis reactions. Which part do you think that
they call the light reactions?
3. Which part of photosynthesis do you think they call the synthesis
reactions?
4. The synthesis reactions happen in the daytime, but are sometimes
called "dark" reactions because light energy is not directly required.
What kind of energy is required to run the synthesis reactions?
Where does that energy come from?
Transcribed Image Text:Photosynthesis and Respiration 121 Typical Plant Cell Chloroplasts Central Vacuole All of the unicellular algae and multicellular plants are eukaryotic and have specialized organelles called chloroplasts. The chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and enzymes for the photosynthesis process. The exceptions to this rule are the photosynthetic bacteria (cyanobacteria). They are prokaryotic; that is, they don't have cell organelles like chloroplasts. However, cyanobacteria do photosynthesis, and they have chlorophyll. The chloroplast has many specialized structures. Stacks of discs, called grana, contain the chlorophyll and act like photoelectric cells. When light shines on these grana, the electrons of the chlorophyll are "activated." This is the first stage of photosynthesis. The second stage of photosynthesis involves the building of sugar molecules from carbon dioxide and water. These two ingredients will not combine unless chemical energy is provided. That energy comes from the "activated" electrons in the chlorophyll reaction. Sugar molecules are made in the fluids of the chloroplasts that surround the grana. Simple sugars made during photosynthesis are modified into all of the other organic molecules needed by the plant. Nucleus Cell Wall Chloroplast Grang Cyanobacteria Starch (for later energy supply) + Cellulose (for cell walls) Simple Sugars Amino Acids > Proteins (for enzymes DNA is not in a specialized distributed throughout nucleus. Chlorophyll is and structural the cell and is not in a Nucleotides (for DNA and RNA) materials) specialized chloroplast. Oils (for cell membranes and energy storage) ? QUESTION 1. When light shines on chlorophyll, the light energy is transformed into... 2. Some biologists refer to the two parts of photosynthesis as the light reactions and the synthesis reactions. Which part do you think that they call the light reactions? 3. Which part of photosynthesis do you think they call the synthesis reactions? 4. The synthesis reactions happen in the daytime, but are sometimes called "dark" reactions because light energy is not directly required. What kind of energy is required to run the synthesis reactions? Where does that energy come from?
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