Research current topics in increasing crop yields related to increasing photosynthetic efficiency. Research topics may include specific research on C3, C4, and CAM plants. What type of photosynthetic pathways do our major plant crops carry out (the major crops are soy, rice, corn, and wheat)?

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
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Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
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Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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2) Research current topics in increasing crop yields related to increasing photosynthetic efficiency. Research topics may include specific research on C3, C4, and CAM plants. What type of photosynthetic pathways do our major plant crops carry out (the major crops are soy, rice, corn, and wheat)?

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Step 1

The differences between C3, C4 and CAM pathways are as follows

CHARACTERSTIC C3 C4 CAM
Kranz anatomy Absent Present Absent
Initial carobondioxide acceptor Riboluse-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) Phosphenol pyruvate (PEP) Phosphenol pyruvate (PEP) 
Photorespiration Present Absent Present in afternoon
Carboxylating enzymes  RuBP carboxylase PEP Carboxylase (mesophyll cells), RuBP carboxylase (bundle sheath) PEP Carboxylase (in dark), RuBP carboxylase (in light)        
First stable product formed 3-phosphoglyceric acid Oxaloacetate (OAA) Oxaloacetate (OAA)
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