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Draw a diagram similar to that in figure 6 detailing the separation of 1,2-dichlorobenzene, phenol (pKa = 10), and pyridine by an extraction protocol. Ca CI 1,2-dichlorobenzene phenol .N.. pyridine

Draw a diagram similar to that in figure 6 detailing the separation of 1,2-dichlorobenzene, phenol (pKa = 10), and pyridine by an extraction protocol. Ca CI 1,2-dichlorobenzene phenol .N.. pyridine

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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### Extraction and Separation Flowchart for Organic Compounds This flowchart illustrates the process for separating a mixture consisting of an organic acid (HA), an organic base (B), and a neutral compound (N) dissolved in ether. The procedure involves various steps of chemical reactions and phase separations to isolate each component. 1. **Initial Mixture**: - The starting mixture includes HA (organic acid), B (organic base), and N (neutral compound) in ether. 2. **Addition of NaOH(aq)**: - Adding aqueous NaOH to the mixture results in the separation of the organic acid (HA). 3. **Separation of HA (Organic Acid)**: - **Na⁺ A⁻ in Water**: - The aqueous layer contains the salt form of the acid (Na⁺ A⁻). - Acidify with HCl and add ether to extract the HA. - Separate into two layers: - **HA in Ether** (organic layer): Evaporate ether to recover pure HA. - **NaCl in Water** (aqueous layer). 4. **Addition of HCl(aq) to B and N in Ether**: - Treating the ether layer containing B and N with aqueous HCl separates the organic base (B). 5. **Separation of B (Organic Base)**: - **HB⁺ Cl⁻ in Water**: - The aqueous layer contains the salt form of the base (HB⁺ Cl⁻). - Basify with NaOH and add ether to extract the B. - Separate into two layers: - **B in Ether** (organic layer): Evaporate ether to recover pure B. - **NaCl in Water** (aqueous layer). 6. **Separation of N (Neutral Compound)**: - **N in Ether**: - The original ether layer contains N. - Evaporate ether to recover pure N. ### Summary - **Extracted Compounds**: - HA: Recovered from the organic layer after acidification and evaporation. - B: Recovered from the organic layer after basification and evaporation. - N: Recovered directly from the initial ether phase after evaporation. This process efficiently separates the components based on their acid-base properties using simple aqueous and organic phase partitioning, followed by evaporation to obtain each pure component.
Transcribed Image Text:### Extraction and Separation Flowchart for Organic Compounds This flowchart illustrates the process for separating a mixture consisting of an organic acid (HA), an organic base (B), and a neutral compound (N) dissolved in ether. The procedure involves various steps of chemical reactions and phase separations to isolate each component. 1. **Initial Mixture**: - The starting mixture includes HA (organic acid), B (organic base), and N (neutral compound) in ether. 2. **Addition of NaOH(aq)**: - Adding aqueous NaOH to the mixture results in the separation of the organic acid (HA). 3. **Separation of HA (Organic Acid)**: - **Na⁺ A⁻ in Water**: - The aqueous layer contains the salt form of the acid (Na⁺ A⁻). - Acidify with HCl and add ether to extract the HA. - Separate into two layers: - **HA in Ether** (organic layer): Evaporate ether to recover pure HA. - **NaCl in Water** (aqueous layer). 4. **Addition of HCl(aq) to B and N in Ether**: - Treating the ether layer containing B and N with aqueous HCl separates the organic base (B). 5. **Separation of B (Organic Base)**: - **HB⁺ Cl⁻ in Water**: - The aqueous layer contains the salt form of the base (HB⁺ Cl⁻). - Basify with NaOH and add ether to extract the B. - Separate into two layers: - **B in Ether** (organic layer): Evaporate ether to recover pure B. - **NaCl in Water** (aqueous layer). 6. **Separation of N (Neutral Compound)**: - **N in Ether**: - The original ether layer contains N. - Evaporate ether to recover pure N. ### Summary - **Extracted Compounds**: - HA: Recovered from the organic layer after acidification and evaporation. - B: Recovered from the organic layer after basification and evaporation. - N: Recovered directly from the initial ether phase after evaporation. This process efficiently separates the components based on their acid-base properties using simple aqueous and organic phase partitioning, followed by evaporation to obtain each pure component.
**Separation of 1,2-Dichlorobenzene, Phenol, and Pyridine by Extraction Protocol** The image illustrates the chemical structures of 1,2-dichlorobenzene, phenol, and pyridine, alongside instructions to create a diagram for their separation through an extraction technique. **Chemical Structures:** 1. **1,2-Dichlorobenzene**: - Displays a benzene ring with two chlorine (Cl) atoms attached at adjacent positions (ortho configuration). 2. **Phenol**: - Features a benzene ring with a hydroxyl group (OH) attached. 3. **Pyridine**: - Contains a six-membered ring with five carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom, forming a heterocyclic aromatic compound. **Note**: Phenol's pKa is given as 10, indicating its acidic properties to be considered in the extraction process. This information can be used to create a visual diagram demonstrating the separation process using the principles of liquid-liquid extraction, which entails exploiting differences in these compounds' solubility in various solvents to achieve separation.
Transcribed Image Text:**Separation of 1,2-Dichlorobenzene, Phenol, and Pyridine by Extraction Protocol** The image illustrates the chemical structures of 1,2-dichlorobenzene, phenol, and pyridine, alongside instructions to create a diagram for their separation through an extraction technique. **Chemical Structures:** 1. **1,2-Dichlorobenzene**: - Displays a benzene ring with two chlorine (Cl) atoms attached at adjacent positions (ortho configuration). 2. **Phenol**: - Features a benzene ring with a hydroxyl group (OH) attached. 3. **Pyridine**: - Contains a six-membered ring with five carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom, forming a heterocyclic aromatic compound. **Note**: Phenol's pKa is given as 10, indicating its acidic properties to be considered in the extraction process. This information can be used to create a visual diagram demonstrating the separation process using the principles of liquid-liquid extraction, which entails exploiting differences in these compounds' solubility in various solvents to achieve separation.
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