Describe redox reactions involved in the three steps of aerobic cellular respiration under the following topics: 1. Description of the two coenzymes NAD and FAD and link them to each enzyme in glycolysis; pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle using the backpack analogy that I described in class. (20%) 2. Describe energy harvesting of the electrons and hydrogens carried by the coenzymes in the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis using the battery analogy I described in class. (20%) 3. Describe the steps of DNA replication in bacteria as shown in our slides emphasizing the need for the Okazaki fragments (20%) 4. Describe RNA transcription emphasizing the two strands of DNA and the orientation of mRNA (20%) 5. Describe mRNA translation emphasizing the role of ribosomes and tRNA for two amino acids (20%)

Q: Explain how cytosolic pyruvate from glycolysis results in formation of ATP in mitochondria. Please…

A: In biochemistry, respiration refers to the cascade of metabolic processes that are responsible for…

Q: assuming each NADH produces 3 ATP and each fadh2 produces 2 ATP in oxidative phosphorylation…

A: Oxidative phosphorylation is the process in which the maximum number of ATP is generated in the…

Q: Calculate the ATP yield from complete oxidation of maltose by the reaction of glycolysis, citric…

A: Maltose  is a disaccharide made up of two glucose molecules joined by alpha bond. Hydrolysis of…

Q: [Cellular Metabolism] Give the Steps, Enzyme/s involved, Electron carriers, ATP Generation, End…

A: Proteins are macromolecules that are made of amino acid monomers. The primary structure of protein…

Q: Until the Krebs cycle, aerobic respiration can be described without mentioning oxygen, the chemical…

A: The cellular respiration is the process by which glucose is broken down and produce metabolic energy…

Q: Assume that Compound A is an inhibitor of the electron transport chain's Complex II. On the other…

A: Electron transport chain is the transport of electrons through a chain of electron carriers to the…

Q: Review your understanding of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation by…

A: Glycolysis is a catabolic process in which glucose is broken down into pyruvate molecules…

Q: Consider 41 NADH and 19 FADH, molecules funneling electrons into the electron transport chain…

A: Oxidative phosphorylation is the end point of energy-yielding metabolism in aerobic organisms. It…

Q: Using the following diagram, a. name all the steps in citric acid cycle. (What are the…

A: The steps in the citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA)…

Q: In aerobic respiration, why are electrons moved from organic macromolecules to electron carriers…

A: Cellular respiration is the process of utilizing oxygen and food molecules to create energy, carbon…

Q: Once More Overview of the reaction: C6H12O6 + 02 → ___CO2 + H2O + energy and heat In Cytosol: 1.…

A: Introduction :  All cells inside an organism undergo cellular respiration in their mitochondria.…

Q: Describe the main catabolic pathways and their locations inaerobic respiration.

A: The chemical pathways that breakdown the large and complex substances into simpler ones are called…

Q: Draw the possible pathways during glucose metabolism in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

A: Introduction  During respiration, carbon dioxide is expelled in the opposite direction, back into…

Q: On what basis can one conclude that the enzyme deficiency is associated with the electron transfer…

A: The electron transfer chain (ETC) is a process which takes place in the mitochondria, the powerhouse…

Q: The total energy yield of respiration relates the number of ATP molecules synthesized per glucose…

A: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), energy-conveying particle found in the cells of every single living…

Q: What would happen to the ATP yield of cellular respiration if:  The inner membrane of the…

A: The cellular respiration involves breakdown of glucose and production of energy in the form of ATP.…

Q: In aerobic respiration, how many ATP molecules areproduced from one molecule of glucose through…

A: Cellular respiration is the process by which sugars are converted into energy including ATP to allow…

Q: Indicate whether each of the following statements about the pentose phosphate pathway is true or…

A: Introduction: The pentose phosphate pathway is also known as the Hexose monophosphate pathway.

Q: please list the order of cellular respiration from #1-7.

A: The group of metabolic reactions that occurs inside the cell and converts the chemical energy into…

Q: b. Write a paragraph or bullet point list to go along with the figure 11.8b describing the role of…

A: Standard change in Gibbs free energy ( ) of redox reactions can be found, if we know the standard…

Q: Remember that hexose kinase is an enzyme required for hexose metabolism, a process that takes a…

A: Glycolysis is the process of oxidation of carbohydrates [glucose] which splits into two molecules of…

Q: for aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration and fermentation, briefly explain  How are they…

A: Metabolic pathways are the set of biochemical reactions that are catalyzed by specific enzymes. They…

Q: Compare the PATHWAYS, and ENERGY INPUTS and OUTPUTS of Aerobic Respiration and Fermentation in…

A: Aerobic respiration take place in the presence of oxygen however fermentation take place in the…

Q: Arsenate (HaSO42) can replace inorganic phosphate (pi) in the reaction catalyzed by a…

A: Glycolysis is divided into preparatory and payoff phase.

Q: Aerobic respiration takes place in three stages: transition, Krebs cycle, and electron transport.…

A: Areobic Respiration : The process by which cells break down Glucose and generate ATP or energy. The…

Q: If 12 molecules of glucose enter the glycolytic pathway, how many ATP molecules can be generated in…

A: The process of breakdown of glucose into pyruvate is called glycolysis. The acetyl CoA produced from…

Q: Discuss the operation of the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain in the aerobic…

A: Citric acid cycle and electron transport chain are energy producing processes in which the reactant…

Q: The electron transport chain contains four large protein complexes: the NADH-Q reductase complex,…

A: The electron transport chain moves electrons from electron benefactors to electron acceptors through…

Q: Describe in detail the process of aerobic respiration. Include each of the stages (glycolysis, krebs…

A: Aerobic respiration is the process by which organisms use oxygen to turn fuel, such as fats and…

Q: Propose that you have discovered a new ATP synthase from the mitochondrion of an organism onthe…

A: The overall reaction for oxidative phosphorylation involving FADH2 oxidation is given below.xADP +…

Q: Disruption of which process will have the greatest impact on the number of electron carriers used by…

A: electron transport chain - is consist of a series of protein complexes which transfers electrons…

Q: In terms of aerobic cellular respiration, explain how the irreversible steps of glycolysis and…

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Q: Explain what occurs during glycolysis, the Krebs (citric acid) cycle, and electron transport chain…

A: Introduction  All cells require energy to survive and energy comes from respiration or metabolism.…

Q: Can you please solve these 3 sub questions and show all of the steps

A: Oxidative phosphorylation is the final step that occurs during cellular respiration. Cellular…

Q: . In living organisms, can metabolism yield a ΔG with a value of "0"?  Please explain. 2. Where…

A: Introduction :- The citric acid cycle (CAC) is also known as the TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid…

Q: Normally, the flow of electrons to O2 is tightlylinked to the production of ATP via the…

A: Metabolism is the process of anabolism and catabolism combined. It includes both the generative and…

Q: How much ATP is made available to the cell from a single glucose molecule by the operation of (1)…

A: i. Glycolysis begins with glucose and produces two pyruvate molecules, four new ATP molecules, and…

Q: tes, the net ATP produced from glycolysis to aerobic respiration is 36 while in prokaryotes is 38.…

A: The chemicals produced by anaerobic respiration in bacteria are known as adenosine triphosphates.…

Q: Describe the oxidation-reduction reaction and to explain the reason why these reactions are…

A: Cellular respiration is the term for the series of chemical reactions that take place in living…

Q: ATP

A: Cellular respiration:All living organisms, have cells that carry out cellular respiration..During…

Q: the first two reactions in glycolysis associated with unfavorable ∆G° values, i.e., ∆G° > 0, both…

A: Glucose molecules are metabolized through the glycolytic pathway to release energy in the form of…