Medical researchers are studying a patient with the newly discovered u LEKS metabolic syndrome, in which a genetic mutaton prevents NADH produced inthe cytosol from being reoxidized by the electron transport chain. Suppose the following nutrient molecule is digested and metabolized by this patient underanaerobic conditions, e.g. during a sudden intense exertion:deHO-CH:-OHОн н.HOH OHHow many ATP molecules will uttimately be produced by the catabolism of thismolecule?Note: you can ussume the catabohism is as complete as it can be under theconditions given above.How many molecules of pyruvate will be produced during dycalysistHow many maleoules of lactate will be produced

Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration. It does not require oxygen takes place in the…

Answered: Medical researchers are studying a…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Suppose you discovered a mutant yeast whose glycolytic pathwaywas shorter because of the presence of a new enzyme catalyzing the reactionWould shortening the glycolytic pathway in this way benefit the cell? Explain.
Based on your knowiedge of oxidative phosphorylation, answer the following questions: a) Suppose you synthesize an ATP synthase that was devoid of the y (gamma) subunit. How would the catalytic sites of the B subunits of such an enzyme compare to one another? Why? What if only the c-terminus of the y subunit is missing?
If a C18 compound is metabolized and enters the citric acid cycle as nine C2 fragments (acetyl groups), how many molecules of ATP are produced in the common metabolic pathway from C Show your calculations.
Do you think that the EA for ATP hydrolysis is relatively low or high? Explain your reasoning.
Loss of this enzyme would be lethal to the cell CH₂-CH-CH₂ OH OH Glycerol- phosphate Loss of this enzyme would severely reduce the exchange of lipids between the cytosol and lumen P CH₂-CH-CH₂ O O I =C C=O Loss of this enzyme would lead to membrane phospholipids with identical phosphate head groups Phosphatase Acyl transferase Loss of this enzyme would result in membranes deficient in phosphatidylcholine Choline head Cytosol group ER lumen Choline phosphotransferase Loss of these enzymes would prevent lipid transfer between the ER and mitochondria Flippase lipid exchange proteins
In the section dealing with “NAD+ in disease” it is mentioned that metabolomics resultsindicate that impaired mitochondrial function contributes to some of the mentioneddiseases. Which metabolites can potentially accumulate when complex I of theelectron transport chain is defective? Use Fig 1 for guidance
Using a generalized terminology (i.e. neither CIII nor CIV specific), explain how complex III and IV act as electron/proton charge separation device (not a proton pump) in mitochondria bioenergetics to create electron potential through the iner mitochondria membrane
Draw the pathway for the conversion of Propionyl CoA to Succinyl CoA as it occurs in thematrix of the mitochondria. Show the structures and names of all reactants and products, as well asthe names of the enzymes. You do not need to draw the structures of ATP, NAD+, CoA, etc., but doshow them as reactants or products in the appropriate places. You do not need to show themechanisms of the enzymes. Draw the pathway for the conversion of Succinyl CoA into 4 CO2. Show the structures andnames of all reactants and products, as well as the names of the enzymes. You do not need to drawthe structures of ATP, NAD+, CoA, etc., but do show them as reactants or products in the appropriateplaces. You do not need to show the mechanisms of the enzymes. How many ATPs would be generated by the complete oxidation of Propionyl CoA into 3 CO2using any of the required enzymes of -oxidation, gluconeogenesis, glycolysis,the citric acid cycle andoxidative phosphorylation?
In the section dealing with “NAD+ in disease” it is mentioned that metabolomics results indicate that impaired mitochondrial function contributes to some of the mentioned diseases. Which metabolites can potentially accumulate when complex I of the electron transport chain is defective? Use Fig 1 for guidance.
84
Explain why ATP hydrolysis occurs so early in glycolysis,an ATP-producing pathway
Propose a pathway for the following compound to enter gluconeogenesis / glycolysis. In your pathway, include enzymes (you can use E1, E2, etc.) as well as any necessary cofactors. HO H

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