D Test =4.23; HSD[.01]=5.36 nonsignificant M1 = mean of Sample 1 M2 = mean of Sample 2 and so forth. P<.01 P<.01 P<.05 HSD = the absolute [unsigned] difference between any two sample means required for significance at the designated level. HSD[.05] for the .05 level; HSD[.01] for the .01 level. P<.01 P<.01
Musculoskeletal System
The musculoskeletal system, also called the locomotor system, is an organ system that gives humans and animals the ability to move using their muscular and skeletal systems. It provides stability, form, support, and movement to the body. The skeleton is composed of bones (skeleton), muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue that supports and binds tissues and organs together. The musculoskeletal system is subdivided into two broad systems, such as the muscular system and the skeletal system.
Skeletal structure
The skeletal system is the core framework of the human body. The skeletal structure comprises bones and connective tissue, including cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. The skeletal structure of our body acts as a support structure. It maintains the body's shape and is responsible for its movement, blood cell formation, protection of organs, and mineral storage. The skeletal system is referred to as the musculoskeletal system.
A group of researchers have isolated three novel compounds from the venom of a newly discovered species of wasp. Based on their structure and protein chemistry, the researchers believe that all three compounds may have strong anti-inflammatory activity and they have devised an experiment to test whether their compounds can reduce muscle damage after exercise. They plan to induce muscle damage in mice by causing repeated eccentric contractions (by running them downhill on a treadmill), and then examine the amount of inflammation in the muscles of their mice 24hrs later. They will use the following treatment groups:
Sample 1) no treatment (control)
Sample 2) 1mg/kg of Compound ‘A’
Sample 3) 1mg/kg of Compound ‘B’, and;
Sample 4) 1mg/kg of Compound ‘C’.
They perform their experiment and analyse their results using ANOVA followed by a post-hoc test. The results are as follows: (IMAGE ATTCAHED)
QUESTION IS: Having selected which of their compounds seems the most promising, the researchers also need to determine what effect (if any) long term treatment will have on muscle mass (a known side-effect of some types of anti-inflammatories is muscle wasting). They treat 2 separate groups of mice for 4 weeks with either 1mg/kg/day of their compound, or saline (control) and then compare muscle mass between the two. Which statistical test should they use to compare these results?
![Data Summary
Samples
1.
2
4
5
Total
N
6
6
24
ΣΧ
600
597
567
418
2182
Mean
100
99.5
94.5
69.6667
90.9167
ΣΧ?
60000
59419
53587
29234
202240
Variance
3.5
1.1
22.6667
167.8188
Std.Dev.
1.8708
1.0488
4.761
12.9545
Std.Err.
0.7638
0.4282
1.9437
2.6443
standard weighted-means analysis
ANOVA Summary Independent Samples k=4
Source
df
MS
Treatment
3723.5
3
1241.1667
182.08
<.0001
[between groups]
Error
136.3333
20
6.8167
Ss/BI
Graph Maker
Total
3859.8333
23
Ss/BI = Subjects or Blocks depending on the design.
Applicable only to correlated-samples ANOVA.
%3D
Tukey HSD Test
M1 = mean of Sample 1
M2 = mean of Sample 2
HSD[.05]=4.23; HSD[.01]=5.36
M1 vs M2 nonsignificant
M1 vs M3 P<.01
M1 vs M4 P<.01
and so forth.
М2 vs M3 P&.05
HSD = the absolute [unsigned]
difference between any two
sample means required for
significance at the designated
level. HSD[.05] for the .05 level;
HSD[.01] for the .01 level.
M2 vs M4 P<.01
M3 vs M4 P<.01
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