calibrated metre end bar, which has an actual length of 1000.0005 mm, is to be used in the calibration of two bars X and Y, each having a basic length of 500 mm. When compared with the metre bar, the sum of LX and LY is found to be shorter by 0.0003 mm. When X and Y are compared, it is observed that X is 0.0004 mm longer than Y. Determine the actual length of X and Y.

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Material Properties

Construction in civil engineering demands high strength, durability, and longevity. These targets can be achieved by better design and analysis, along with the correct choice of materials. Different materials have different properties and hence, they respond and performs differently under the various condition of external loadings. It is therefore a critical task of an engineer to select the right material based on the property that the material is supposed to function in real-time. When speaking about the property, there are different categories of material properties like chemical property, physical property, mechanical property, electrical property, magnetic property, thermal property, etc. These material properties form the basis of material selection in various applications.