(b) ☐ The exergonic reactions catalyzed byisocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) and α-ketoglutarate dehydroge-nase (aKGDH) are regu-lated by metabolites, in addition to the reactioncatalyzed by citrate synthase. The diagram to theright illustrates the activity of ICDH (A,▲) andaKGDH (O,●) in the presence of 1.5 mM ADP(O,A) or 1.5 mM ATP (●,▲). In muscle tissuecontraction of sarcomeres initiated by a nerve im-pulse results first in the release of Ca 2+ from thesarcoplasmic reticulum. As indicated by the chang-es in velocity of the two enzymes, what are the fluxchanges of the TCA cycle in muscle tissue uponrelease of Ca2+ under the influence of ADP viz. ATPand under the influence of NAD+ viz. NADH on cit-rate synthase?10075Stimulation of activity(% of maximum)ŏ251.-8-7-6log {[Ca2+] (M)}

Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (ICDH): Function: ICDH plays a crucial role in the TCA cycle by catalyzing…

Answered: (b) ☐ The exergonic reactions catalyzed…

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter23: Fatty Acid Catabolism

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 16P: Extending the Mechanism of Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase to Similar Reactions Based on the mechanism for...

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The Reactions and Meehanisms of the Leloir Pathway Write the reactions that permit galactose to be utilized in glycolysis. Write a suitable mechanism, tor one of these reactions.
Distinguishing the Mechanisms of Class I and Class I Aldolases Fructose bisphosphate aldolase in animal muscle is a class 1 aldolase, which forms a Schiff base intermediate between substrate (for example. fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate or dihydroxyacetone phosphate) and a lysine at the active site (see Figure I8.12). The chemical evidence for this intermediate conies from studies with aldolase and the reducing agent sodium borohydride, NaBH4. Incubation of the enzyme with dihydroxyacetone phosphate and NaBH4 inactivates the enzyme. Interestingly, no inactivation is observed if NabH4 is added to the enzyme in the absence of substrate. Write a mechanism that explains these observations and provides evidence for the formation of a Schiff base intermediate in the aldolase reaction.
Using the ActiveModel for enoyl-CoA dehydratase, give an example of a case in which conserved residues in slightly different positions can change the catalytic rate of reaction.
The Effect of lodoacetic Acid on the Glyceraldehyde-3-P Dehydrogenase Reaction (Integrates with Chapters 4 and 14.) How might iodoacetic acid affect the glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction in glycolysis? Justify your answer.
Examine the ActiveModel for alcohol dehydrogenase and describe the structure and function of the catalytic zinc center.
The Catabolism of Uric Acid Write a balanced equation for the oxidation of uric acid to glyoxylic acid, CO2, and NH3, showing each step in the process and naming all of the enzymes involved.
Using the ActiveModel for aldose reductase, describe the structure of the TIM barrel motif and the structure and location of the active site.
Ethanol as a Source of Metabolic Energy (Integrates with Chapters 19 and 20.) Acetate produced in ethanol metabolism can be transformed into acetyl-COA by the acetyl thiokinase reaction: Acetate+ATP+CoASHacetyleCoA+AMP+PPiAcetyle-CoA then can enter the citric acid cycle and undergo oxidation to 2 CO2by this route, assuming oxidative phosphorylation is part of the process? (Assume all reactions prior to acetyl-CoA entering the citric acid cycle occur outside the mitochondrion). Per carbon atom, which is a better metabolic fuel, ethanol or glucose? That is, how many ATP equivalents per carbon atom are generated by combustion of glucose versus ethanol to CO2?
Energetics of the Hexokinase Reaction The standard-state free energy change. Gfor the hexokinase reaction, is â€” 1 6.7 kJ/mol. Use the values in Table I to calculate the value of Gfor this reaction in the erythrocyte at 37Â°C.
Understanding the Mechanism of the HMC-CoA Synthase Reaction Write a suitable mechanism for the HMG-CoA synthase reaction. What is the chemistry that drives this condensation reaction?
Consider the synthesis and degradation of tyrosine as shown in Figures 25.37, 25.38, and 25.48 to determine where the carbon atoms in PEP and erythrose-4-P would end up in acetoacetate and fumarate.
If phenylalanine was not an essential amino acid, would diet therapy (the elimination of phenylalanine from the diet) for PKU work?

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