acetyl COA,H₂O, NAD+HSCOA, CO2,NADH/H+HCO₂CO₂a-ketoisovaleratea-ketoisocaproateLeucine is biosynthesized from a-ketoisocaproate, which is itself formed from a-ketoisovalerate by a multistep route.Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the reaction mechanism.Arrow-pushing InstructionsA-HHO: CO₂HBHCO₂CO2CO₂HH₂O: A A BH+00

Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4:

Answered: acetyl COA, H₂O, NAD+ HSCOA, CO2,…

Organic Chemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781305080485

Author:John E. McMurry

Publisher:John E. McMurry

Chapter29: The Organic Chemistry Of Metabolic Pathways

Section29.SE: Something Extra

Problem 23MP: One of the steps in the pentose phosphate pathway for glucose catabolism is the reaction of...

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One of the steps in the pentose phosphate pathway for glucose catabolism is the reaction of xylulose 5-phosphate with ribose 5-phosphate in the presence of a transketolase to give glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and sedoheptulose 7-phosphate. (a) The first part of the reaction is nucleophilic addition of thiamin diphosphate (TPP) ylide to xylulose 5-phosphate, followed by a retro-aldol cleavage to give glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and a TPPcontaining enamine. Show the structure of the enamine and the mechanism by which it is formed. (b) The second part of the reaction is addition of the enamine to ribose 5-phosphate followed by loss of TPP ylide to give sedoheptulose 7-phosphate. Show the mechanism.
Lysine catabolism begins with reductive amination of a-ketoglutarate to give saccharopine in a multistep process. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the reaction mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions 7 COO H NH3 COO OOC B: COO H NH3 COO BH+
Acetolactate synthase is another TPP-requiring enzyme. It transfers the acyl group of pyruvate to another molecule of pyruvate, forming acetolactate. This is the first step in the biosynthesis of the amino acids valine and leucine. Propose a mechanism for this reaction.
Acetolactate synthase is another TPP-requiring enzyme. It transfers the acyl group of pyruvate to another molecule of pyruvate, forming acetolactate. This is the first step in the biosynthesis of the amino acids valine and leucine. Propose a mechanism for this reaction.
H-C-U-o 27. The following is step 3 of the citric acid cycle. What is the functional transformation that occurs in the first part of this step? group COO COO NAD* NADH + H* CH2 CH2 0 H-C-C CH2 H-C-H H-C-COO- Но-с-н COO COO Isocitrate a-ketoglutarate A) A ketone and an alcohol change positions. C) The -COO is transformed. B) An alcohol becomes a ketone. D) The alcohol becomes an aldehyde. 28. The following is step 3 of the citric acid cycle. What is the identity of the Molecule represented by I? COO COO NAD* NADH + H* I COO CH2 CH2 0 H-C-C CH2 H-C-H H-C-COO- HO-C-H COO COO Isocitrate a-ketoglutarate A) Acetate B) GTP C) NADH D) FADH2 E) CO2
Imidazoleglycerol‑phosphate dehydratase is an enzyme in the histine biosynthesis pathway. It catalyzes the E1 dehydration of D‑erthyro‑imidazole‑glycerol phosphate to imidazole acetol‑phosphate. This is a rare example of a biological E1 reaction, as most biological elimination reactions occur through E1cB instead. In this reaction, D‑erthyro‑imidazole‑glycerol phosphate is first protonated to form a good leaving group. Then, the leaving group is ejected to form the resonance‑stabilized carbocation shown. Draw curved arrows forming the most stable resonance structure to explain why this reaction goes through an E1 mechanism. Draw curved arrows to form the most stable resonance structure.
In the body, during the citric acid cycle the following reaction occurs as the first part of an enzyme mediated process. но OH YYYYYY OH OH H₂O NaBH4 LiAlH4 H₂SO4 and heat K₂Cr2O7 HQ OH What reagent would be used to bring about this reaction in the laboratory? OH 3
Please draw the chemical structure for a phosphatidylethanolamine which contains trans, trans, cis-Δ10, Δ15 Δ18 Eicosatrienoate and cis-Δ13 hexadecenoate fatty acids.
Step 7 of the citric acid cycle is shown. Which statement best describes what occurs in this step? CO₂ 1 CH || CH + H₂O CO₂ fumarate CO₂™ fumarase HO C-H CH₂ CO₂ malate A) Fumarate undergoes hydrogenation with hydrogens and electrons provided by the enzyme fumarase. B) Fumarate undergoes hydration with the aid of the enzyme fumarase. C) Fumarate undergoes hydrolysis with the aid of the enzyme fumarase. D) Fumarate undergoes reduction with the aid of the cofactor fumarase.
Glyceryl tricaprate (or tricaprin) is a triacylglycerol used in foods, drugs, and cosmetics as an additive. What will be the products of the complete acid/enzymatic hydrolysis of glyceryl tricaprate, as shown below? 0 CH₂-0 HT, heat or lipase + 3H₂O CH-0 CH₂2-0 Glyceryl tricaprate O one glycerol molecule and one capric acid molecule O one glycerol molecule and three capric acid molecules O two glycerol molecules and four capric acid molecules O two glycerol molecules and two capric acid molecules 0 0
None
Pyruvate carboxylase is thought to activate CO2 by ATP, through formation of carboxyphosphate as an intermediate. Propose a mechanism for the formation of this intermediate.

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