A student is running gels to sequence a DNA fragment as below. In addition to running four sequencing reactions with the requisite ddNTPs, they also include four ‘mystery’ reactions representing variants of the first sequencing lane (using ddATP to sequence T in the template) in which one or more components of the reaction have been omitted or inappropriately added. Give a possible explanation for the what was inappropriately added/omitted in each mystery lane.     Note two important things: firstly, even if everything works perfectly there is still always some unextended primer in a reaction. Secondly, there may be more than one possible explanation for some lanes; just give one.

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Genome annotation

The technique of linking biological information to genome sequences is termed genome annotation. Gene annotation is the method of identifying gene locations and coding sections. It helps us understand what these genes are doing in the body through establishing structural characteristics and linking them to the actions of various proteins.