Q: Why are the correct primer sequences essential for successful amplification?
A: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a widely used method in molecular biology that is used to make…
Q: What would be the consequence of the mismatch repair system lacking the methylating enzyme?
A: There are several DNA repair pathways. Mismatch repair system is one of them. During DNA synthesis,…
Q: What is nucleotide excision repair? What kind of DNA damage does it target for repair?
A: Answer: DNA is deoxynucleotide acid which is the genetic material in many of the organisms as genes…
Q: What are DNA excision-repair systems?
A: Molecular biology is the field of biology that studies the composition, structure, and interactions…
Q: Why is the repression of genes by DNA methylation long-term?
A: Genetics is a branch of science that deals in the study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation of…
Q: How is mismatch repair different from excision repair (in terms of what type of mutation it is used…
A: In order to prevent and fix damage from mutation, all the cells have a variety of mechanisms to…
Q: What is the long term and short term effects of mutation on coding and non-coding DNA, the amount of…
A: A mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's genome, virus, or…
Q: What is the difference between nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homology-directed repair (HDR)…
A: Genome editing can be defined as the way of of making the specific changes to the DNA of a cell or…
Q: What are the essential differences between base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair and…
A: Nucleic acids are made up of nucleotides, which are the basic building blocks. Long chains of…
Q: What are deletion mutations? Also plzz mention its types Quickkkkk
A: The mutation causes alteration in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. It is caused by natural as well as…
Q: What would be the effect on X inactivation of adding siRNAs that eliminated the products of each of…
A: X-inactivation is the process in which one of the X-chromosome in females is inactivated…
Q: What is the difference between a transition and a transversion? Which type of base substitution is…
A: There are two different types of mutations with DNA substitutions seen in nature. These are of two…
Q: Why is the p53 R273W mutation preventing p53 from binding to DNA?
A: All living things are made up of cells, which are the most basic and important unit. All of life's…
Q: How can these designed nucleases alter the sequence of the genomic DNA?
A: The Common approach to understand gene function in a systematic and unbiased way is including…
Q: why the repressor proteins bind with the major groove in the DNA helix?
A: DNA is a double helical structure as described by Watson and crick consisting of two loops that is…
Q: What is the difference between an Hfr chromosome using normal excision and aberrant excision?
A: High frequency recombination (Hfr) cells are the bacteria having a conjugative plasmid (Fertility…
Q: When the mismatch repair system detects a distortion in the DNA double helix due to a mismatch, what…
A: In the process of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) replication, DNA of the cell replicates itself while…
Q: What is the relationship between SOS repair mechanism and resistance to antibiotics? Explain
A: Antibiotic resistance is developed by the transfer of the gene responsible for causing resistance to…
Q: What role does DNA methylation play in mismatch repair?
A: DNA methylation is a biochemical process, in which a methyl group is added to the nucleotides of…
Q: A plant breeder wants to isolate mutants in tomatoes that are defective in DNA repair. However, this…
A: The DNA-repair mechanism in plants help in removing errors that may have occurred during DNA…
Q: Suggest reasons for why DNA mutations are not all phenotypic. D .A mutant bacteria has been found…
A: Mutation is change in DNA sequence. It is always random and can cause change in phenotype of…
Q: Why do A-T base pairs inhibit left-handed DNA formation?
A: The capacity of nucleic acids to guide their own reproduction from monomers makes them unique.…
Q: How does e.coli and human cells distinguish between the old and new strands for mismatch repair?
A: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material in all living systems. DNA replication is a…
Q: What different between the generated amplification product and the primer sequences in the CDS…
A: An increase in the number of copies of a gene in a genome is referred to as gene amplification. In…
Q: The enzyme that removes RNA primers attached by Primase is?
A: A primer is a short and single-stranded nucleic acid which is utilized by all living organisms in…
Q: Which of the following distinguishes direct repair from other repair mechanisms?
A: The answer is 'Direct repair reverses a structural abnormality without breaking the phosphodiester…
Q: What are bypass polymerases? How do they differ fromthe replicative polymerases? How do their…
A: Polymerases are enzymatic proteins that has a specific role in maintaining the overall molecular…
Q: CRSPR uses what kind of DNA repair to insert new genetic information?
A: CRISPR is considered as the genome-editing tool, which helps to target and manipulate the genome…
Q: "The mechanism does not recruit a homologous region of DNA during repair". Explain this ?
A: Introduction DNA repair is a set of procedures that a cell uses to detect and repair damage to the…
Q: Which repair pathway recognizes DNA damage duringtranscription? What happens if the damage is…
A: A gene is the essential physical and functional unit of heredity. They are comprised of DNA…
Q: What is the relationship between the rpoS gene and the SOS repair mechanism? Briefly explain.
A: In response to the severe DNA damage; many cells have the mechanism which enable them to synthesize…
Q: How does the promoter region change from a DNase resistant site to a DNase hypersensitive site?
A: Answer: Introduction: DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) are sites on chromatin which are sensitive…
Q: Discuss the similarities and differences between nucleotide excisionrepair and the mismatch repair…
A: REPAIR PATHWAYS:- Both in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes, there is a repair enzyme system to deal with…
Q: What is a complex of proteins that folds up the telomeres into a structure that shields…
A: A complex of protein is generally found in many eukaryotic cell, whose primary function is the…
Q: Which DNA-damage repair pathway. uses the BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins?
A: DNA damage repair pathway is a type of DNA pathway which is used to repair the damages in the DNA…
Q: Explain how mismatch repair fixes incorrectly matched base pairs.
A: During DNA synthesis, most DNA polymerases use a process is called proofreading to double-check…
Q: can cells tolerate errors made in transcription in comparison to errors made during DNA replication?
A: RNA polymerase lacks proofreading activity, so the probability of error is more than that of DNA…
Q: How do we know that DNA repair mechanisms detect and correct the majority of spontaneous and induced…
A: DNA can be defined as the deoxyribonucleic acid, which is the molecule that contains the genetic…
Q: How can these designed nucleases modify the sequence of genomic DNA?
A: A nuclease is a protein that can break the phosphodiester links between nucleotides in nucleic…
Q: What is the probability that the palindromic symmetry of the trp repressor target DNA sequence is…
A: Palindromic sequences are the sequences present in the DNA double helix that are read the same from…
Q: the role of X-gal? What color will cells with the plasmid be in the absence of X-gal? Why?
A: X- gal refers to the organic compound which comprises a galactose associated with an indole group.…
Q: Why are mutations in the INK4 locus so dangerous?
A: INK4 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor family (CKIs). Inhibitors of CDK4 and CDK6 are…
Q: What is the rationale for developing anti-cancer agents that inhibit telomerase?
A: We all know that ,cancer is an abnormal growth and uncontrolled division of cells that spreads in…
Q: How does proofreading differ from later DNA repair mechanisms in terms of timing and the proteins…
A: Proofreading done by DNA polymerase.DNA polymerase detect error at the time of replication and also…
Q: Which DNA-damage repair pathway uses the BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins?
A: BRCA1 and BRCA2 are genes that encode tumor suppressor proteins. Whenever a DNA is damaged these…
Q: What is the difference between a recombinant protein and a native protein? Why is it that some…
A: Proteins are the most abundant organic molecules of the living system. They have significant role in…
Q: DNA methylation in mismatch repair
A: REPAIR PATHWAYS:- Both in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes, there is a repair enzyme system to deal with…
A mutant bacteria has been found which lacks all DNA methylation enzymes. How would this mutation affect the fidelity of mismatch repair?
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- What role does DNA methylation play in mismatch repair?The figure below summarizes the results of an experiment evaluating the role of Ku80 gene DNA repair. The Ku80 Knock Out mice were generated by genetically deleting the Ku80 gene and the effects of ionizing radiation on lifespan were evaluated. Briefly explain why Ku80 deletion has the observed effects. What form of DNA damage is causing the reduced lifespan and which repair mechanism appears to be responsible for repair of these lesion in normal mice?When the mismatch repair system detects a distortion in the DNA double helix due to a mismatch, what mechanism ensures that the base on the parental strand is preserved and the base on the recently replicated strand is corrected.
- Xeroderma pigmentosum is a genetic disease caused by an error in the nucleotide excision repair process that fixes damage to DNA by ultraviolet light. Studies have shown that it can result from mutations in any one of seven genes. What can you infer from this finding? A) There are seven genes that produce the same protein B) These seven genes are the most easily damaged by ultraviolet light. C) There are seven enzymes involved in the nucleotide excision repair process. D) These mutations have resulted from translocation of gene segments.Eukaryotic cells can repair DNA through a process called homologous recombination. What type of DNA damage can be fixed through homologous recombination?According to the double-strand break model, does gene conversionnecessarily involve DNA mismatch repair? Explain.
- There are two types of excision repair, base excision repair (BER) and nucleotide excision repair (NER). Which enzymes are used in Base excision repair in E. coli?And In nucleotide excision repair, what kind of damage is repaired by this mechanism and why are cutsmade on both sides of the damaged region of DNA?The experiment below is from a seminal set of experiments in the 1960s that illustrated the role of various repair pathways for DNA damage caused by UV radiation. In this experiment, the scientists isolated E coli strains that are mutant in the Rec A gene, the UvrA gene or both. They then irradiated cultures of each strain with increasing doses of UV light and measured the effect on cell viability. Answer the following questions about this data. A. Which DNA repair pathway and repair activity is inhibited by the Rec A mutant? B. Which DNA repair pathway and repair function is inhibited by UvrA mutant? C. Why is the UvrA/RecA double mutant so much more senitive to UV light than either mutant alone?A mutation occurs that changes a codon from UCC to UCA. It turns out that this codon is for an amino acid in the catalytic site of the enzyme DNA glycosylase, which is involved in DNA repair. What is the most likely outcome for an organism carrying this mutation? The mutation will be tolerated by the organism and will lead to no physical changes. Because the organism will no longer be able to perform base excision repair, the organism's DNA will mutate at a rapid rate. A disease such as cancer will develop rather quickly. Because the organism will no longer be able to perform base excision repair, the organism's DNA will mutate at a slow but steady rate. Over time, a disease such as cancer will develop. No answer text provided. ◄ Previous Next ▸
- People with a commonly occurring, wild type allele of PTC with two adjacent thymines at a particular site in the coding sequence are more prone to BCCs than people without this allele. How can this be explained (one sentence)? The "two adjacent thymines" allele of PTC causes a bigger increase in BCC risk for people xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), who lacks components of the nucleotide excision repair pathway, compared to people without XP. How can this be explained (one sentence)?How do we know that DNA repair mechanisms detect and correct the majority of spontaneous and induced mutations?Extreme UV exposure leads to the SOS response in bacteria. By what mechanism does the SOS response function? Answer choices induction of photolyase and the addition of white light to remove the thymine dimer destruction of lexA, which leads to expression of an alternate, error-prone DNA polymerase homologous recombination repair non-homologous end joining exinuclease removal of a segment of DNA including a thymine dimer, followed by the replacement of DNA using the complementary strand of DNA