A graduate student conducted an experiment in which 15 ​ten-month-old babies were asked to watch a climber character attempt to ascend a hill. On two​ occasions, the baby witnesses the character fail to make the climb. On the third​ attempt, the baby witnesses either a helper toy push the character up the hill or a hinderer toy prevent the character from making the ascent. The helper and hinderer toys were shown to each baby in a random fashion for a fixed amount of time. The baby was then placed in front of each toy and allowed to choose which toy he or she wished to play with. In 13 of the 15 ​cases, the baby chose the helper toy. Complete parts ​(a) through ​(d) below. ​(a) Why is it important to randomly expose the baby to the helper or hinderer toy​ first?     A. The randomness in the order of exposure is important to make sure half the babies see the helper first and the other half see the hinderer first.   B. The randomness in the order of exposure is important to satisfy the conditions of using the binomial probability distribution.   C. The randomness in the order of exposure is important to avoid bias. Your answer is correct.   D. The randomness in the order of exposure is important to minimize the effect of the sample standard deviation. ​(b) What would be the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses if the researcher is attempting to show that babies prefer helpers over​ hinderers?   H0​: p equals=   0.5 H1​: p greater than>   0.5 ​(c) Use the binomial probability formula to determine the​ P-value for this test.   ​P-value=nothing ​(Round to three decimal places as​ needed.)

Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition 2012
1st Edition
ISBN:9780547587776
Author:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Publisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Chapter11: Data Analysis And Probability
Section11.5: Interpreting Data
Problem 1C
Question
A graduate student conducted an experiment in which
15
​ten-month-old babies were asked to watch a climber character attempt to ascend a hill. On two​ occasions, the baby witnesses the character fail to make the climb. On the third​ attempt, the baby witnesses either a helper toy push the character up the hill or a hinderer toy prevent the character from making the ascent. The helper and hinderer toys were shown to each baby in a random fashion for a fixed amount of time. The baby was then placed in front of each toy and allowed to choose which toy he or she wished to play with. In
13
of the
15
​cases, the baby chose the helper toy. Complete parts ​(a) through ​(d) below.
​(a) Why is it important to randomly expose the baby to the helper or hinderer toy​ first?
 
 
A.
The randomness in the order of exposure is important to make sure half the babies see the helper first and the other half see the hinderer first.
 
B.
The randomness in the order of exposure is important to satisfy the conditions of using the binomial probability distribution.
 
C.
The randomness in the order of exposure is important to avoid bias.
Your answer is correct.
 
D.
The randomness in the order of exposure is important to minimize the effect of the sample standard deviation.
​(b) What would be the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses if the researcher is attempting to show that babies prefer helpers over​ hinderers?
 
H0​:
p
equals=
 
0.5
H1​:
p
greater than>
 
0.5
​(c) Use the binomial probability formula to determine the​ P-value for this test.
 
​P-value=nothing
​(Round to three decimal places as​ needed.)
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